Stay on nitriding/coating composite modification of stainless steel
by plasma-enhanced arc ion plating
Abstract
Since stainless steel was invented by the English metallurgist Henry Blair during the First World War,it became one of the most popular green material for its advantages,such as the long rving life,the low life cycle cost,recyclable material and the pleasing appearance. Now it has been widely ud in every area.
Recently aerospace industry,marine machineries and energy industry have developed rapidly,so stainless steel need to have better performance,especially its wear-friction properties.The experiment was operated in the arc ion plating system,1Cr17Ni2martensitic stainless steel and18-8model304austenitic stainless steel were performed surface plasma nitriding by a wire reinforced plasma,the surface morphology,composition,pha structure and mechanical properties of nitrided sample were characterized and analysid,expect to get gradually reinforced surface properties.Lay th
e foundation for the further reinforcing.Then the DLC coating was deposited using the carbon target in the arc ion plating system to get the modified layer with high hardness and low friction coefficient to improve the surface overall properties.
At first,1Cr17Ni2martensitic stainless steel was performed surface plasma nitriding by a wire reinforced plasma in the arc ion plating system.The surface morphology,composition, pha structure and mechanical properties of nitrided sample were characterized and analysid.The results showed the surface hardness of the nitrided stainless steel sample improved from3.67GPa to9.25GPa,and kept above7.32GPa at the depth range below50μm,which was attributed to the formation of new phas such as CrN and Fe2N.While compared to the substrate,the friction coefficient of nitrided sample only decread from1.1 to0.9,failed to get the expected tribological behavior;the nitrided304austenitic stainless steel also has the reinforced properties,the surface hardness of the nitrided stainless steel sample improved from3.67GPa to6.13GPa,kept above5.32GPa at the depth range below 30μm,the surface friction coefficient only decread from1.1to0.8,failed to get the expected tribological behavior,either.
Then,on the basic of nitrided pretreatment,the DLC coating was deposited on the two kinds of stainless steel using the carbon target in the arc ion plating system.The results
showed when the composite treatment was conducted,high quality DLC coating with a thickness of1.5μm was successfully synthesized.The nitrided pretreatment made the surface hardness improve gradually,the hardness further incread to17.06GPa and the friction coefficient significantly reduced to0.09,obtained obvious results on strength and friction-reducing properties;so the same as304austenitic stainless steel,the surface hardness improved gradually at the depth range below31.5μm,improved from3.64GPa to5.31GPa and then to15.83GPa,the friction coefficient significantly reduced to0.08,obtain the desired properties.
Key Words：stainless steel;surface modification;arc ion plating;plasma enhanced;
nitriding/DLC coating composite modification
目录
摘要............................................................................................................................................................III 1绪论. (1)
1.1不锈钢分类及应用 (1)
动色
科目一考题1.2不锈钢表面改性研究现状 (3)
1.3论文研究内容及意义 (7)
2实验设备及表征方法 (11)
2.1实验设备及方法 (11)
朋友圈短句
2.2表征方法 (13)
2.2.1X射线衍射结构分析 (13)
2.2.2扫描电镜形貌分析 (13)
2.2.3电子探针成分分析 (14)
2.2.4拉曼光谱成分分析 (15)
2.2.5努氏表面显微硬度分析 (16)
2.2.6摩擦磨损试验机摩擦性能分析 (16)
31Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢表面氮化/DLC涂层复合改性研究 (17)
3.11Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢氮化处理研究 (17)
3.1.1氮化处理表面SEM形貌 (18)去铭记
3.1.2氮化处理表面XRD相结构 (19)
3.1.3氮化处理表面EPMA成分 (20)
3.1.4氮化处理表面力学性能 (22)
3.21Cr17Ni2马氏体不锈钢氮化/DLC涂层复合处理研究 (24)
3.2.1氮化/DLC复合处理表面SEM形貌 (25)
3.2.2氮化/DLC复合处理表面拉曼光谱分析 (26)
3.2.3氮化/DLC复合处理表面力学性能 (27)
3.3小结 (27)
4304奥氏体不锈钢表面氮化/DLC涂层复合改性研究 (29)
4.1304奥氏体不锈钢表面氮化处理研究 (29)
4.1.1氮化处理表面SEM形貌 (30)
4.1.2氮化处理表面XRD相结构 (31)
4.1.3氮化处理EPMA成分 (32)
4.1.4氮化处理表面力学性能 (33)桂林公园
4.2304奥氏体不锈钢表面氮化/DLC涂层复合改性研究 (35)
4.2.1氮化/DLC涂层复合改性表面SEM形貌 (36)
4.2.2氮化/DLC涂层复合改性表面拉曼光谱分析 (37)
4.2.3氮化/DLC涂层复合改性表面力学性能 (38)
相声演员大兵4.3小结 (38)
结论 (40)
展望 (41)
参考文献 (42)
攻读硕士学位期间发表学术论文情况 (46)
致谢 (47)
(48)
沙坪坝小学1绪论
当前，人们正面临着信息化和科技化的时代，坚持社会可持续发展是这个时代的重大责任。而不锈钢
由于其使用寿命长，寿命周期成本低，可循环利用，外观优美赏心悦目等优点，成为人类应用最广的绿色环保金属材料[1]。我国经济的发展对不锈钢的需求非常之大，不锈钢的生产能力也是非常大[2]。
近年来，随着海洋、航空航天、能源等行业的快速发展，不锈钢材料作为其中应用最为广泛的材料之一，其综合性能已经不能满足行业日益增长的需求，尤其是在表面耐磨减摩方面。因此对于不锈钢材料的表面改性势在必行[3]。目前应用最为广泛的表面手段为表面涂层技术，其中等离子体技术由于其化学活性高、能够和电磁场产生相互作用等特点，在表面强化领域获得了非常广泛的应用，可以显著地降低处理温度、加快处理速度、提高处理质量、增强强化效果、降低处理成本、延长零部件使用寿命。其中占据最重要地位的分别为化学气相沉积和物理气相沉积[4]。物理气相沉积中的电弧离子镀技术由于其沉积效率高、薄膜沉积均匀等特点在表面强化领域被广泛应用[5]。
尽管电弧离子镀技术有如此多的优点，但是在工业需求日益增长的今天仍然有许多不足之处暴露出来，其中由于薄膜与基体的性能差异过大而产生的“蛋壳效应”是制约薄膜应用的重要因素。另外制备出高强度、高润滑性的薄膜也是电弧离子镀技术需要解决的难点[6]，解决此问题对于不锈钢今后的应用十分重要。
1.1不锈钢分类及应用
电磁炉维修
不锈钢于20世纪初被著名冶金科学家亨利·布雷尔利发明出来，是不锈钢与耐酸钢的统称，因其拥有不
错的力学性能和优越的耐腐蚀性能，其使用寿命长，寿命周期成本低，可循环利用，外观优美赏心悦目等优点，故而成为当前应用最为广泛的绿色环保金属材料，近年来于航空航天、船用机械、能源行业有广泛应用。
早期不锈钢不生锈的这种现象让人们很诧异，然而经过长时间的研究与实验，人们完全了解了其中的原理：在一定范围内钢中含铬的含量越高，钢的耐蚀性就越好，在钢中含铬量≥12%后，在大气中耐蚀性有一个质的变化，钢由不耐蚀变为耐腐蚀，而且不生锈。人们把钢从不耐腐蚀到耐腐蚀，从生锈变为不生锈，称为活化过渡到钝化，从活化态变成了钝化态。
通过研究得出，当铬元素含量超过12%时，钢表面会自动形成一种很薄的无色、透明且光滑的一层富铬的氧化物膜，钢中的铬元素的这种易形成氧化物的特性给予了钢耐蚀的结果。这层钝化膜非常稳定，而且是连续的、没有缝隙、难以溶解、质地坚硬且很难脱落的一种氢氧化物，即使在使用中受到破坏还可很快自
