NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
Prepared By:Brynn Fischer Rev. Level: A
EN No.:522966 Date: 12-Oct-07
Table of Contents
Engineering Notice (EN) Information ……………………………………………………………………………….. Page 1 Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 1
1. Purpo ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 2
2. Scope ………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 2
3. Additional Information ………………………………………………………………………………. Page 2
4. References ……………………………………………………………………………………………Page 2
5. Equipment ……………………………………………………………………………………............Page 3
6. Test Information ……………………………………………………………………………………... Page 4
Requirements…………………................................................................................Page 4
7. Packaging
8. Acceptance Criteria …………………………………………………………………………………. Page 5
9. Test Unit Classification ……………...……………………………………………………………… Page 6
10. Required Tests ………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 8
11. Optional (Development) Tests ……………………………………………………………………...Page 22
12. Post-Test Inspection and Reporting …….………………………………………………………… Page 25 Appendix A Clamp Force Measurement and Articulated Clamp Force Balance Instruction ……………… Page 27 Appendix B 2006 Clamp Force COV Study …………………………………………………………………….. Page 30 Appendix C Clamp Handling Test Sampling Plans ……………………………………………………………..Page 34 Appendix D 2006 Road and Rail Transport Vibration Study ………………………………………………….. Page 36 Appendix E Unit Classification Examples ………………………………………………………………………
. Page 39 Appendix F Visual Inspection methods – Success Criteria …………………………………………………… Page 40很久以前英文
NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
1. Purpo
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The purpo of this manual is to provide general guidelines and information to test and qualify Whirlpool packaged products. The tests will help determine the package's ability to provide the desired amount of product protection during distribution and shipment to customers.
The purpo of the tests is to simulate dynamic and static stress, which can occur in the distribution and
warehou/storage systems. The specific tests performed, either for approval or evaluation purpos, should be bad on the intended shipping mode and handling methods. This specification will provide the appropriate test methods and required minimum test levels for engineering production approval. Required tests are highly encouraged to be ud in the final validation of a package design as deemed appropriate for the packaging shipping unit type and the planned/intended distribution system.
2. Scope
This document is intended to be ud world-wide by Whirlpool packaging engineers, Whirlpool product design teams, suppliers, OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers), ODM’s (Original Design Manufacturers) and anyone el that designs, tests, qualifies or approves Whirlpool packaging for the North American Region (NAR). All products that are to be sold in the NAR will need to comply with this test specification.
The tests and limits described in this specification are designed to evaluate a packaged product's abi
lity to withstand specific levels of dynamic and static stress it may experience in the NAR distribution environment. However, it does not evaluate package performance relative to unusual and unexpected environmental conditions (i.e. long-term outdoor storage conditions, punctures from lift truck forks, accidental drop from the rear of a truck during transit, etc.).
The fragility of the bare product is also a factor in the product’s ability to survive the distribution environment and arrive at the final customer without degradation or damage (e ction 8).
3. Additional Information
Any questions or concerns about this document, tests to be conducted, test levels and acceptance criteria should be first directed to the responsible Whirlpool entity or product category packaging lab engineer, who will then escalate to the Whirlpool Product Approval Lab Organization (PALO) as necessary.
The various Whirlpool packaging lab supervisors shall meet periodically to discuss ongoing measurements, field damage reviews, and continuous improvement to the distribution testing specifications.
4. References
Specific usages of some of the references below have been noted within this document.
1 Whirlpool GES-010
2 Warehou Safe Handling and Stacking Specification.
2 Whirlpool B-098 Product and Packaging Distribution Performance Specification. Revision B.
3 Whirlpool GES-0001 GES Standards Creation and Publication Process. Revision C.
4 Whirlpool WTM-D-40.9
5 Refrigeration Technology Product/Package Structural Integrity Test Methods.
Revision E.
5 Whirlpool SCP-QA-01 Clamp Truck Calibration Checks
6 Hewlett Packard Packaging Test Manual
7 Hewlett Packard OEM/ODM Packaging Requirements
8 817-3045 Protective Packaging Performance Specification for Sears Hardlines Merchandi. Revision H.
9 ISTA (International Safe Transit Association) 1A, Performance Test for Individual Packaged-Products 150
lb (68 kg) or less. June, 1999.
(International Safe Transit Association) 3H, Performance Test for Products or Packaged-Products in
10 ISTA
NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
Mechanically Handled Bulk Transport Containers. June, 1999.
11 ASTM Standard D 4169, Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
12 ASTM Standard D 642, Standard Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping
13 ASTM Standard D 5276-98, Standard Test Method for Drop Test for Loaded Boxes
14 ASTM Standard D 880, Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
15 ASTM Standard D 999, Standard Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
16 ASTM Standard D 6055, Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large
Shipping Cas and Crates.
17 ASTM Standard D 6179, Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large
Shipping Cas and Crates.
18 ASTM Standard D 5445, Standard Practice for Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods.
19 ASTM Standard D 3332 Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products Using Shock
Machines
20 ASTM Standard D 3580 Standard Test Methods for Vibration (vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
21 Quality Process for the DD Channel, by F. McDermott (SLS), dated 1/26/01
22 FedEx Procedures for Testing Packaged Products 150 lbs. or Less
5. Equipment
Test Equipment Required
10.4 Vertical
Compression
Floating platen compression tester.
10.5 Atmospheric
Conditioning Environmental thermal chambers with a minimum temperature range of -20°F to 145°F and sized according to product category.
Inclined track, backstop, and dolly as defined in ASTM D 880.
10.6.1 Inclined
Impact
L.A.B Equipment Inc. Model 1000VM velocity meter (or equivalent).
10.6.2 Rotational Impact Wood block of dimension 3.5 in x 3.5 in x 32 in (89 mm x 89 mm x 812 mm).
10.6.3 Flat Drop Drop tester as defined in ASTM D 5276-98 (2004) or a clamp truck or equivalent
10.7 10-Point Drop Test Drop tester as defined in ASTM D 5276-98 (2004)
Two hydraulic-driven cascade carton clamp testers (model 15-D and 20-D) capable of exerting
an overall clamp force up to 3,000 lb through uniform movement of both platens at an absolute
velocity of 10 ± 2 in/s (0.25 m/s).
The clamp testers shall be fitted with the following platens with the exception of clamp testers
ud to test refrigerators.
! Clamp tester 1: articulating platens of size 30-34 in deep by 48-54 in high.
! Clamp tester 2: fixed platens of size 34 in deep by 54 in high.
! Clamp tester 3 (refrigerators only): tipping platens of size 34 in deep by 30 in high
10.10 Clamping
Four-point load cell calibration rack as defined below with a measurement error ≤ 150 lbf
overall.
! A Rice Lake certified four-point load cell or equivalent. (Verify that the 4 point load cell has
been calibrated with in the last 24 months). If it has not been calibrated refer to SCP-QA-01.
! Cascade 1/16” and 1/8” shims or equivalent.
! Appropriate Allen wrench and socket to loon platen bolts
百端10.11 Random Vibration Single-axis random vibration table with appropriate control system sized according to product
category. The preferred minimum stroke capability is 3 in.
NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
Miscellaneous ! Accelerometers and shock/vibration data acquisition system (optional)
! Tape measure
! Marking pens
! Camera
6. Test Information
The package must provide acceptable levels of product protection from the distribution environment. Establishing appropriate packaging tests and test levels will help minimize distribution damage.
Whirlpool manufactures a variety of products that range in size, weight, and price. The determination of the
appropriate test levels is ultimately established by the responsible Whirlpool entity or division. Several products may have specific additional tests and unique requirements beyond what is covere
d in this manual. The specific tests required and the test levels are ultimately determined and established by the responsible entity or division.
This document is intended only as a general guideline on the minimum packaging tests required and the
recommended test levels.
Whenever possible, it is highly recommended to compare the type and quantity of damage that occurs during
package testing with the damage that occurs during actual distribution for similar products. That information can be very uful to help determine appropriate packaging tests and test levels for Whirlpool’s different products and multiple distribution environments.
The test levels specified in this manual are bad on Whirlpool experience of the North American Region (NAR) distribution system, current industry standards and Whirlpool competitors’ benchmarking information. A more vere test level can be ud to lower probability of damage occurrence but usually means higher packaging and logistics costs. Likewi, a test level that is t t
oo low has the potential for higher product damage, higher product return costs and incread customer dissatisfaction.
7. Packaging Requirements
This ction details the requirements for graphics, material marking, and labeling, in conjunction with the requirements for testing to help determine the package’s ability to provide the desired product protection and visual clarity during distribution and shipment to customers.
Requirements
Container
7.1. Shipping
7.1.1. The package size shall be suitable for shipment and shall take into consideration the optimization of
shipment by all applicable modes of transportation (surface and water) worldwide, including
palletized shipments. A supply chain quality/damage prevention manager shall be engaged with the
project lead no later than CET. The project lead and supply chain manager shall collaboratively
work to ensure that the packaging designs take into consideration the size of the shipping
container. Load Max or comparable software shall be ud to calculate the load ability of the
packaging design.
Note: Contact the appropriate supply chain entity to understand size requirements for all other
applicable modes of shipment (i.e. a container, boxcar dimensions etc.).
7.2. Handling Graphics Requirements
7.2.1. Handling graphics must appear on all sides of the packaging to indicate how a product can be
handled with a specific piece of handling equipment.
NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
product-handling
graphics shall be ud. Written clamp handling
recommended
7.2.2. Whirlpool
instructions shall also be included if space is available. See figure below.
7.2.3. The minimum size of each handling graphic shall be 2.50 in (64 mm) high x 2.13 in (54 mm) wide ±
0.25 in (6 mm).
7.2.4. The orientation of the graphics is such that the graphic facing the material handler reprents how
the package can be moved.
7.2.5. If a package should not be clamp handled individually, then the “single product” clamp symbol (2nd
from the left) should be “crosd-out” and the “multiple-product” clamp symbol (3rd from the left)
当初的近义词should be ud. This “multiple products” symbol is intended to indicate that moving veral
packages by clamp truck is acceptable.
Note: Clamp handling graphics should be consistent with the product’s size and the minimum
clamp closing width of 22.5 in. In other words, the product width should be greater than 22.5 in in
approach direction(s).
Whirlpool Recommended Handling Graphics
8. Acceptance Criteria
郭富城浪漫樱花The package must provide acceptable levels of product protection from the distribution environment and also
withstand storage stress. This ction provides a basis for determining what constitutes damage or failure of both the product and the package.
The responsible Whirlpool entity or division engineering organization must establish specific acceptance criteria prior to testing. (See Appendix F to reference visual standards documents) The acceptance criteria must be suitable for their purpo, considering the required condition of both the product and package upon receipt to the final customer.
Below are some guidelines for defining product and packaging damage.
Damage
8.1. Product
Product damage can be any condition which caus the product not to meet its performance specifications
and visual quality standards (Appendix F). It includes both structural and cosmetic damage which makes the
product unacceptable to the customer. It is recommended the same standards for final inspection during
manufacturing be ud to determine acceptable levels of cosmetic damage. Examples of general acceptance criteria are as follows:
NAR Product and Packaging Transit Test Procedure and Performance Standard
!
Product is damage-free; no structural damage including no detached, loo, fractured or deformed materials beyond allowable manufacturing tolerances.
! Product cosmetic areas are not degraded beyond manufacturing or final acceptance criteria. Cosmetic damage is any abnormality that makes the product unacceptable to the customer.
! Gaps between mating parts on the external surfaces of the product after testing shall be appropriate and consistent with normal production appearance standards. Products shall be run after testing to verify that
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the product functions as intended after distribution testing.
The package’s purpo is to absorb or modify the energy imparted by the environment, (sustaining ordinary
degradation as a result), and to protect product in its original undamaged condition (e 8.1 Product
Damage). Some package degradation is expected and is acceptable. Unacceptable package degradation
泰山景点defined as, but is not limited to:
! Any change in package condition, including fractured or deformed materials that result in product damage or permanent displacement of the product and accessories from their intended position.
! Edge ruptures to the extent that it can no longer contain the product or product’s weight.
! Failure of packaging joints or surfaces which result in internal packaging to lo original configuration.
! Some cushion deformation and cracking is acceptable. Complete cushion fracture and/or cushion damage such that adequate product protection is compromid is unacceptable. Multiple fractured
cushion pieces may cau customer dissatisfaction and possibly product returns (even if the product still
functions according to specification).
! Severe damage to packaging materials/mediums is not acceptable.
Evaluation
8.2. Safety
After the required packaging tests, the products shall be inspected for safety hazards according to Corporate
Product Safety specifications including at minimum CPS-3 (knife probe) and CPS-4 (small parts).
9. Test Unit Classification
Type
Unit
9.1. Shipping
The levels of stress encountered by the package in the distribution environment depend on both the
distribution environment and the packaging shipping unit type. Whirlpool has identified four major shipping
unit types as follows:
! Type I (Parcel Delivery Systems)
! Type II (Small Products)
! Type III (Large Products)
梭罗! Type IV (Multiple Products Unitized/Palletized) –large master packs may need to have alternate evaluation method, e.g. trial ship and audit
A product may have veral shipping unit types, each for a different portion of its distribution. All must be
evaluated. Each shipping unit design to be tested must be classified according to one of the following type
definitions.
Note: If the product classification is not clear, contact the appropriate Supply Chain reprentative.
I
9.1.1. Type
!
Shipped via a parcel delivery system such as UPS
! Gross Weight: ≤ 150 lb (68.2 kg)
9.1.1.1. Flat packages. Flat shall be defined as any packaged-product where:
