YOU open a window on your computer’s 1 . You type in the name of a cheesy song from the 1980s. A list of results 2 . You double-click on one of them, and within a few conds the song is playing. This is what it was like to u Napster a decade ago; and it is also how Spotify, another free online-music 3 , works today. The difference? Napster was an illegal file-sharing rvice that was 4 down by the courts. Spotify, by contrast, is an entirely 5 , free rvice supported by advertising. This shows how much things have changed in the world of online music in the past decade. It also explains why online music piracy may at last be in 6 .栗子怎么煮 For most of the past decade the music industry 7 on litigation to try to prevent 8 . Over the years the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has accud 18,000 internet urs of 9 in illegal file-sharing. Most of them ttled, though two cas went to court this year. In both cas the defendants (a single mother and a student) lost and were ordered to pay 10 (of $1.92m and $675,000 respectively). But the industry has realid that such cas encourage the publication of embarrassing headlines more than they discourage piracy, for as each network was shut down, another would 11 in its place. Yet as piracy flourished on illegal networks, legal 12 also started to appear. Apple 13 its iTunes Music Store, offering downloads at $0.99 per track, in 2003. Many others have followed, including a new, above-board version of Napster. And in the past two years new music sites and rvices have 14 . Spotify offers free, advertising-supported streams; paying customers are 15 the ads and can u the rvice on smart-phones. Nokia’s Comes With Music scheme includes a year’s unlimited downloads in the price of some mobile phones. TDC, a Danish telecoms operator, bundles 16 to a music rvice with its broadband 17 . All of the different, legal music rvices offer the “celestial jukebox”—whatever you want, right away, from the internet—that made Napster so 18烧饼配方 when it appeared on the scene. True, revenue from the rvices will be less than from CD sales, but it is much better than nothing. The recorded-music industry will get smaller—but it will not disappear. That is becau there is growing evidence that this plethora of new rvices adds up to an attractive alternative to piracy for many (e article). In June a poll of Swedish urs of file-sharing software found that 60% had cut back or stopped using it; of tho, half had 19 ieee论文to advertising-supported streaming rvices like Spotify. In Denmark, over 40% of 20 to TDC’s broadband-plus-music package also said they were making fewer illegal 21 as a result. In a British poll published in July, 17% of consumers said they ud file-sharing rvices, down from 22% in December 2007. Music executives reckon people are moving from file-sharing networks to Spotify, though they may continue to download some music illegally. To be sure, the carrots of more attractive legal rvices are being 22 by innovative forms of stick. In particular, a new approach called “graduated respon” is gaining 23 . As its name indicates, it involves ratcheting up the pressure on urs of file-sharing software by nding them warnings by e-mail and letter and then cutting off or throttling their internet access if they fail to 24 after three requests. Graduated-respon laws were introduced earlier this year in Taiwan and South Korea, and were 25 in France last month. Other countries are expected to follow 26 . Yet in Britain music file-sharing ems to be in decline even though a graduated-respon law has yet to be introduced. The country also 27 one of the broadest lections of legal music rvices: Spotify and Comes With Music were both launched there before most other countries, and two of Britain’s biggest internet-rvice providers have borrowed TDC’s bundled-music model. This suggests that when it 28 to discouraging music piracy, carrots may in fact be more important than sticks. 新生宝宝 All of this offers a lesson for other types of 29 , such as films and video games. Piracy thrives becau it satisfies an unmet demand. The best way to discourage it is to offer a怎么熬鸡汤 30 range of attractive, legal alternatives. The music industry has taken a decade to work this out, but it has now done so. Other industries should benefit from its experience—and follow its example. | Piracy momentum engage respond damage enact sprout suit alternative boast launch come proliferate media spare diver screen access appear package rvice compel shut switch legal subscriber decline download focus accompany Piracy momentum engage respond damage enact sprout suit alternative boast launch come proliferate media spare diver screen access appear package rvice compel shut switch legal subscriber decline download focus accompany 命里Piracy momentum engage respond damage enact sprout suit alternative boast launch come proliferate media spare diver screen access appear package rvice compel shut switch legal subscriber decline download focus accompany 红尘旧梦Piracy momentum engage respond damage enact sprout suit alternative boast launch come proliferate media spare diver screen access appear package rvice compel shut switch legal subscriber decline download focus accompany Piracy momentum engage respond damage enact sprout suit alternative boast launch come proliferate media spare diver screen access appear package rvice compel shut switch legal subscriber decline download focus accompany |
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