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V C2010Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
HIGH SELECTIVITY MINIATURIZED BROADBAND FILTER
D.Packiaraj,1K.J.Vinoy,2M.Ramesh,1and A.T.Kalghatgi1
1Central Rearch Laboratory,Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore-560013,India;Corresponding author:
in
2Department of Electrical Communication Engineering,Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore-560012,India
Received29March2010
ABSTRACT:Design of a compact broadbandfilter using tightly coupled line ctions in defected(A slot is cut in the ground)microstrip medium operating from3.1–6.8GHz has been reported in this article. Filter has been designed and analyzed using an equivalent circuit model bad on even and odd mode parameters of coupled line ctions.The propodfilter has attenuation poles on either side of the pass band resulting in improved lectivity.Thisfilter features spurious-free respon up to third harmonic frequency.Experimental results of the
filter have been validated against the analytical and full wave simulations.V C2010Wiley Periodicals,Inc.Microwave Opt Technol Lett53:184–187,2011;View this article online DOI10.1002/mop.25676
Key words:broadband;coupled line;filter;slot
1.INTRODUCTION
Compact broadband miniaturefiltersfind applications in various wireless communication systems such as electronic warfare, ultra wide band(UWB),etc.Multi-band offt frequency divi-sion modulation(MB-OFDM)UWB is gaining popularity due to its low power and high data rate features.In the MB-OFDM approach,the complete frequency band(3.1–10.6GHz)has been divided into14bands(five groups)with each band occupying528 MHz bandwidth.In MB-OFDM,two UWB devices communicate using adjacent frequency bands.Broadbandfilter with high lec-tivity is one of the key elements in such systems.This article prents the design of a compact broadbandfilter suitable for MB-OFDM UWB devices operating over3.1–6.8GHz,three adjacent band groups of FCC designated UWB frequency band.人物头像
Most of thefilters in reported literature[1–5]u half wave or quarter wave coupled resonators,defected ground bad structures,stepped impedances,and multi-mode resonators to re-alize widebandfilter.Wide bandfilters using metallization on both sides of suspended stripline substrate are realized in[6]. Metallization on multi-layers provide tight coupling between lines to achi
eve wide bandwidth.In[7],a‘‘Y’’shaped dual mode microstrip wide bandpassfilter with input-output cross coupling is designed and implemented.Broadside coupled lines
with spur lines are ud for designing UWB filter in [8]with improved stop band rejection characteristics.景色造句
In this article,a new configuration of compact broadband fil-ter realized in defected microstrip medium is prented.As shown in Figure 1,this filter consists of coupled quarter wave resonators above a slotted ground with a short circuited middle resonator.This filter can be treated as modification to the one reported in [7]with an open circuited middle half wave resona-tor replaced by a short circuited quarter wave resonator to improve the spurious suppression.Further slotted ground has been ud to enhance the bandwidth of the filter.Shorted quarter wave resonator is ud to suppress the spurious at the cond harmonic frequency.
The article is organized as follows.Analysis of the filter bad on circuit model using even and odd mode parameters is explained in Section 2.Results obtained from analytical calcula-tions performed in MATLAB are compared against the planar simulation results from commercially available simulator IE3D from Zeland [9].In Section 3,experimental results of measured broadband filter are compared against the simulation results.Section 4concludes this article.
2.ANALYSIS OF BROADBAND FILTER
The propod filter is designed from 3.1to 6.8GHz (75%fractional bandwidth)and is implemented in a microstrip medium having a substrate thickness ‘‘h ’’of 0.787mm and permittivity ‘‘e r ’’of 2.17.The top layer of the filter has input and output feed lines coupled to a short circuited quarter wave resonator.The bottom layer has slot-ted ground.The slot in the ground plane enhances the coupling to widen the pass band of the filter.The filter has attenuation poles on either side of the pass band.The cross coupling between the input and output generates the attenuation poles at the lower and upper stop bands.This filter exhibits spurious-free respon up to the third harmonic frequency due to the short circuited resonator.
2.1.Analysis史进的绰号是什么
The entire filter can be viewed as formed from two identical asymmetrical coupled ctions as shown in Figure 2.The coupled line ction is shown in Figure 3.‘‘C’’is cross coupling capacitor between input and output feed lines.
我爹是李刚Coupled line ctions can be characterized using impedance ‘‘Z ’’parameters given by [1]
Z 11¼Àj ðZ oe þZ oo Þ
cot h 2þj Z oe ÀZ oo ðÞ2
Z oe þZ oo
csc 2h (1a)Z 12¼Z 21¼j ðZ oe ÀZ oo Þ
tan h
2(1b)Z 22¼j ðZ oe þZ oo Þ
tan h
2
(1c)h ¼ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffih e h o
p (2)
where Z oe and Z oo are even and odd mode impedances,respec-tively.y e and y o are even and odd mode pha velocities,
respectively.
Figure 1Propod broadband filter.(a)Top layer and (b)bottom
layer芒果性
Figure 2The filter and its coupled line
ctions
螺蛳粉介绍Figure 3Coupled line ction
TABLE 1
Physical Parameters of Filter Parameters
Values Width of feed line (w c ) 2.4mm Width of coupled line (w )0.5mm Width of coupled line (w s )0.04mm Spacing (s)
0.2mm Length of coupled lines (L ,L m )(11,11.7)mm Size of slot on the ground (L d ,W d )(1.9,11)mm
TABLE 2
Electrical Parameters of Filter
Parameters
Values Even and odd mode impedances (Z oe ,Z oo )of coupled lines Sections 1,2
(220,100)X Electrical length (y )at the center frequency 90 Cross coupling capacitor (C)0.005pF Line impedance (Z )
145X Input and output impedances
50X
2.2.Design
Filter is designed with the following specifications •Frequency band:3.1–6.8GHz •Substrate thickness ‘‘h ’’:0.78mm •Substrate permittivity ‘‘e r ’’:2.17.
Physical and corresponding electrical parameters of the filter are given in Tables 1and 2,respectively.Z oe and Z oo are even and odd mode impedances of coupled lines (with defected gro
und)having widths of ‘‘w ’’and ‘‘w s ’’and gap ‘‘s’’.The length of coupled line ction is quarter wavelength at the center frequency (4.95GHz)of the filter.Transmission matrices of coupled line Sections 1and 2are calculated using the imped-ance matrices given in Eqs.(1)–(2).Calculated transmission matrices of coupled line ctions and cross coupling capacitor are ud to calculate the scattering parameters.Figure 4shows the comparison between analytical results and full wave simula-tion results [9]and a clo agreement between them can be
obrved.
Figure 4Analytical results of broadband谭维维如果有来生
filter
Figure 5Photograph of broadband
filter
Figure 6Measured results of broadband filter
3.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Thefilter is machined using LPKF printed circuit board proto-typing machine.Figure5shows the photograph of the experi-mental broadbandfilter.Figure6compares the experimental results of designedfilter against the full wave simulation results. Comparison shows a good agreement between them confirming the expected broadband and suppresd cond harmonic fea-tures.Frequency band of thefilter is3.1to6.75GHz.Maximum inrtion loss of thefilter is0.4dB,and return loss is better than13dB.Stop band rejection is better than25dB over7.5 GHz to12GHz while the cond harmonic(9.9GHz)of thefil-ter has been suppresd to a level of30dB.Filter is compact and size is12Â15Â0.78mm3.
4.CONCLUSION
Using a quarter wave coupled microstrip resonator in a defected ground configuration,a broadbandfilter from3.1–6.8GHz was designed and analyzed.Filter ud a short circuited quarter wa
ve resonator for cond harmonic suppression.Thefilter exhibited 0.4dB inrtion loss and13dB return loss over the pass band. The results of analysis were confirmed through experiment.Over-all dimensions of thefilter are12Â15Â0.78mm3. REFERENCES
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V C2010Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
MULTIOCTAVE MICROSTRIP-TO-COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE VERTICAL TRANSITION
A.M.Abbosh
School of ITEE,The University of Queensland,Qld.4072,Australia; Corresponding author:a.abbosh@uq.edu.au
Received29March2010
ABSTRACT:A vialess vertical microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW)transition that covers a multioctave bandwidth is propod.The propod transition utilizes the magnetic coupling in a pair of mcirostrip-to-slotline transitions derived from the microstrip/CPW structure.The prented device is designed following simple design guidelines.The simulated and measured results show that the propod transition can achieve a six-octave bandwidth.V C2010Wiley Periodicals,Inc.Microwave Opt Technol Lett53:187–189,2011;View this article online DOI10.1002/mop.25675 Key words:transition;coplanar waveguide;microstrip
1.INTRODUCTION
As microwave circuits become more compact,new techniques for integration are being utilized.In the modern multilayer tech-nology,the third dimension is utilized for vertical integration to reduce total space and cost.Vertical transitions are thus crucial in the design of multilayer circuits.
Microwave circuits are usually bad on planar technologies, such as microstrips and/or coplanar waveguides(CPW),as they provide a compact,lightweight,and low-loss transmission me-dium.Concerning the multilayer integrated circuits,they require aflexibility to u both microstrip and CPW circuit technologies [1].Therefore,vertical transitions between microstrip and CPW lines located at different layers are a must to accomplish the much neededflexibility in the design of multilayer circuits.In addition to that,vertical transitions can be ud to develop new devices and/or to improve the performance of some of the exist-ing devices[2,3].
Microstrip-to-CPW vertical transitions are usually designed using either aperture-coupled structures or via-holes.Concerning the via-hole transitions,it was revealed that as the operating fre-quency increas,the performance of the via-holes is degraded [4].In addition,their fabrication process is usually difficult and costly as sophisticated tools are needed to minimize their addi-tional loss[5,6].To overcome the shortcomings of the via-holes,aperture-coupled vertical transitions can be ud[7,8]. However,the relatively high inrtion loss due to the u of compact aperture-coupled transitions in broadband applications, such as the ultra-wideband technology(3.1–10.6GHz),is still a problem which needs to be solved.
In this article,a microstrip-to-CPW vertical transition is designed by utilizing the magnetic coupling be
tween two100-X slotlines derived from the50-X CPW at the bottom layer and two100-X mictrostrip lines formed by splitting the50-X micro-strip at the top layer.The design is accomplished following sim-ple design guidelines.The success of the propod transition is demonstrated via simulations and measurements.
2.DESIGN
The configuration of the propod vertical transition is shown in Figure1.In this configuration,the microstrip feeder is assumed to be at the top layer,while the CPW is located at the bottom layer.
The50-X microstrip line is divided into two similar ctions each having an impedance of100X,e Figure1(a).Similarly, the central strip of the CPW at the bottom layer is incread in width so that it forms two slotlines extending in different direc-tions as depicted in Figure1(b).Thus,the microstrip-to-CPW transition is transformed into a pair of microstrip-to-slotline transitions.In each pair,the microstrip and slotline extend nor-mally beyond each other by a distance of k/4,where k is the effective wavelength calculated at the center of the frequency band.This configuration can be considered a magnetic-coupled structure.A signalflowing into each of the microstrip lines proj-ects a strong magneticfield through one of the slotline opening at the other side of the substrate,and thus,it enables the normal slotline propagating mode.Therefore,the signal is efficiently
