大学职称英语综合A模考训练题及答案
大学职称英语综合A模考训练题及答案
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Eat to Live为生存而食
A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun —and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.
粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没有必要。即便在年老以后才开始节 食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mou's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when
the mou was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won't rever other damage caud by time for the mou, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 2
加州大学 Riverside 分校的斯蒂芬· 斯潘德尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食， 它们的肝脏基因就会变得和年轻时一样充满活力。虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转它们在其他方面的老化，但是却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除霉素。
Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half -rations.3 Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years.
菜地简笔画斯潘德尔的队员们一直给三只老鼠正常量的饲料，而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只34个 月大的老鼠(相当于人类年龄的70岁)喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠的饲料量是正常的。
The rearchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mou livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4—probably bad news for mou health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of tho 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of the gene changes.
研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的 11000种基因的活性，发现正常饲养的老鼠有46中基因随年龄的改变 而改变。这些改变都有体内痰症和自由基的产生有关——这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而对于那 些终身都在节食的老鼠来说，那46种基因中的27种仍然继续保持着青春活力。但是最令人吃惊的发现却是 那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于仅有70%的基因改变。
“This is the first indication that the effects kick in5 pretty quickly, ”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C.
这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院的哈勃·
华纳说。卤什么东西好吃
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work.” he says .
至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否同对老鼠那样有效，但是斯潘德尔对此充满了希望：有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。
If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.
如果这确实也 对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说道，完全足以保证药效。
But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it. 6 “The mice get less dia, they live longer, but they're hungry,” he says. “Even eing what a diet does, it's still hard to go to
生活百般滋味a restaurant and say： ‘I can only eat half of that.’”
但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。老鼠患病少了， 寿命延长了， 但是它们很饥饿， 他说， 即 使能清楚地认识到节食的`功效，人们仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。
Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司，加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物。肉酿茄子
词汇：
meager a不足的
youthful a有青春活力的
vigor n精力，活力
liver n肝脏
genetic a基因的
rejuvenation n恢复活力，返老还童
metabolize vt使(一种物质)进入新陈代谢过程
toxin n毒素
好词好句高中ration n定量
calorie n卡 (热量的单位)
国庆内容
关英语inflammation n炎症，发炎
trade-off n交换，交易
rejuvenate vt使恢复活力
注释：
1. hang on to ： 继续保留。例如：You should hang on to that painting – it might be worth a lot of money one day. 你应该继续保留那幅画，或许有一天它会值很多钱。
2. The genetic rejuvenation won‘t rever other damage caud by time for the mou, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但却有助于肝脏代谢药物或除去毒素。 other damage caud by time 岁月造成的其他方面的破坏，即“其他方面的老化”。metabolize drugs：代谢药物，即“使药物降解”。 get rid of：摆脱，除去。
3. half-rations 和 half-feed： 都是指“老鼠饲料正常定量(normal diet) 的一半”。
360浏览器设置4. free radical production：指“自由基的产生”=(有机体组织、器官等的)无限激增。
5. kick in ：意为“开始起作用”。如：We‘re still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in. 我们还在等着空调开始起作用。
6. be worth it ： 意为“值得，有益”。例如：They are expensive, but they are worth it. 那些东西很贵，但很值。
练习：
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
