翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题2
(总分：25.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、English Chine Translation(总题数：5，分数：25.00)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 1 Under modern conditions, this required varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational rearch experts. 2 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country"s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in the ctors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage rearch in various ways, including the tting up of their own rearch centers; they may alter the stucture of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may
co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any ca, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
3 Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being expod to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 4 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and conquently prents rious problems for the governments concerned. 5 Additional social stress may also occur becau of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themlves made relatively easy no
wadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all the factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：()
解析：在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
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正确答案：()
解析：再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
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正确答案：()
解析：由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。
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尊敬长辈正确答案：()
解析：在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。
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正确答案：()
解析：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所引起的各种问题也会给社会造成新的压力。
6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most cloly conforms to one that es history as the attempt to recreate and ex
plain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this arch the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian"s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
7 Interest in historical methods has arin less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themlves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences emed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 8 During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodolozies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 9 T
here is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the rearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially tho so blinded by their rearch interests that they have been accud of "tunnel method". frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy". Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the disciphne as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 10 It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.（分数：5.00）
上官云相
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正确答案：()
解析：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
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正确答案：()
解析：人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
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正确答案：()
解析：在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
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十大装修公司哪家好>天马行空正确答案：()
解析：方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。眼眉毛稀少怎么办
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正确答案：()
解析：这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
US photo giant Eastman Kodak is eking to exploit their snapping. 大脑发育迟缓的原因11 It announced in March that it would spend more than $ 1 billion in the next few years to capture a share of the Chine market.十六字口号 "China is one of the fastest growing markets for photography, and its double-digit growth will assure that it moves from the number three rank to number one or two, exceeding Japan and perhaps the United States in the next century," said Kodak chief George Fisher in a statement.
12 According to Kodak, fewer than one in 10 Chine houholds owns a camera, which typically us about four rolls of film per year. "If only half the people in China shot a single 36-exposure roll of film a year—a fraction of usage rates in other countries—that would swell the number of worldwide "clicks" by 25 percent," Fisher said.
13 National figures on camera ownership do not reflect the keen interest in photography in urban areas. "We have two cameras in the hou, one for ourlves and one for our 14-year-old son who takes it with him on school trips," said Beijing resident Chen Yanan,
who was recently laid off from her state-ctor job. Chen"s son is not alone: "All his friends have a camera. They only cost 150 yuan." She added.
14 When the price of a 36-exposure roll of color film (20 yuan) and development costs (16 yuan) are taken into account, the pleasure of photography are affordable to most city inhabitants.
And while the cheap costs mean the quality of film and prints is usually poor, the Chine have nevertheless come a long way in their snapping. 15 In the 1970s, black and white photos hardly bigger than postage stamps were still common. Today more than 70 percent of photos are taken in color and the prints are much larger, according to a Beijing retailer.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：()
解析：柯达公司3月份宣布：在最近几年它将花费10亿多美元来占领部分中国市场。
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货币的含义
正确答案：()
解析：据柯达公司讲：中国拥有相机的家庭不到1/10，每部相机每年使用大约四卷胶卷。
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正确答案：()
解析：国民拥有相机的数字并没有反映出城市地区对摄影的强烈爱好。
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正确答案：()
解析：考虑到一卷36张彩色胶卷的价格(20元)以及冲洗的价格(16元)，摄影这种乐趣对大多数城市居民来说都是可以承受的。
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正确答案：()
解析：在20世纪70年代，人们常用的仍然是几乎不比邮票大多少的黑白照片。
Genius is something that is difficult to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we e it or hear it. 16 By contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic character that can be mouldedby the environment.
Intelligence is a qualitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but we should not assume that it has a single dimension of expression. 17 There are veral limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes. Any number of gene combination may predispo an individual to musical genius, or to painting, or to designing computer programs, etc. The posssion of any one of the abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expresd in markedly different ways in markedly different environments.
18 For example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and dia, educational, social and economic levels—even the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding wh
at intelligence should be applied to. Is it the ability to learn? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation?
Conquently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University student and to an Aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same behavior. 19 Not only are the genotypes and the environments of the two individuals totally different, but their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different.
Indeed, as some articles which deal with the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can estimate genetic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically naive.
20 If some races or social groups in the human population can be shown to be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some gregationists or politicians could bring in legislation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population.
History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless individuals are in
positions of power.
Can you e why the fal scientific conclusions could become dangerous socially and politically?（分数：5.00）
