KANT’S ETHICAL THOUGHT
ALLEN W. WOOD
Yale University
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge,United Kingdom
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© Allen W. Wood 1999
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First published 1999
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
蔡锷乡Wood, Allen W.
Kant’s ethical thought / Allen W. Wood.
民事诉讼立案流程
< – (Modern European philosophy)
isbn 0-521-64056-3(hc.). – isbn 0-521-64836-x(pbk.)
1.Kant, Immanuel, 1724–1804– Contributions in ethics.I.Title.
II.Series.
B2799.E8W591999
170'.92– dc2198-32168
CIP
isbn0 521 64056 3hardback
小青蛙教案isbn0 521 64836 x paperback
CONTENTS
病毒的图片大全Preface page xiii Abbreviations xvii Citations xvii送老公的生日礼物
Formulas and propositions xx
Table of duties of virtue xxiv Introduction1 1An Enlightenment moralist1
2Human equality5
3Morality and human nature8
4Kant’s ethical writings11
5The structure of this book13
i metaphysical foundations
1Common rational moral cognition17 1Grounding ethical theory17 2The good will21 3Acting from duty 26 4Moral worth and maxims 40 5Respect for law 42 2Rational will and imperatives50 1The will50 2A priori practical principles55 3Hypothetical imperatives60 4Asrtoric imperatives65 5Categorical imperatives70
ix医生职业规划
x contents
3The formula of universal law76 1Objective practical principles76 2The derivation of FUL and FLN78 3Applying FLN: suicide 82 4Fal promis and converted deposits87 5Rusting talents90 6Refusing to help91 7The problems with FUL 97 8Exceptional behavior and lf-preference107 4The formula of humanity as end in itlf111 1Ends and determining grounds of the will111 2Ends in themlves and existent ends114 3Humanity and personality118 4Things and persons122 5Kant’s derivation of FH124 6The equal worth of all rational beings132 7Applying FH139 8The structure of arguments from FH150 5The formula of autonomy and the realm of ends156 1The ground of obligation156 2FA as a moral principle163 3The realm of ends165 4Freedom and the moral law171 5Formulating the moral law182 ii anthropological applications
6The study of human nature193 1Practical anthropology193 2The difficulty of lf-knowledge196 3Pragmatic anthropology202 4Human history as a natural phenomenon207 5Natural teleology215 7The history of human nature226 1Herder vs. Kant226 2Historical conjectures233 3The first free choice235 4The origin of morality238 5Kant’s historical materialism244
contents xi 8Human inclinations and affections250 1Natural desire250 2Natural passions253 3Social passions259 4Desire and deception265 5Sympathy, love, and charity269 6Friendship275
9The historical vocation of morality283 1The radical evil in human nature283 2Nature and culture291 3Reason, communication, and enlightenment300 4The ethical community309 Conclusion321 1The final form of Kant’s ethical theory321 2The sphere of right322 3Ethics as a system of duties323 4Ethics as a system of ends325 5Ethics as virtue329 6What is Kantian ethics about?333 Notes337 Index419
