READING 1
READING PASSAGE 1会计师考试
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1- 13 which are bad on Reading Passage 1 below.
AIRPORTS ON WATER
River deltas are difficult places for map makers. Their river build them up, the as wears them down; their outlines are always changing The changes 感恩师长in China's Pearl River delta, however, are more dramatic than the natural fluctuations. An island six kilometres long and with a total area of 1248 hectares is being created there. And the civil engineers are as interested in performance as in speed and size. This is a bit of the delat than they want to endure.
The new island of Chek Lap Kok, the site of Hong Kong's mew airport, is 83% complete. The giant dumper trucks rumbling across it will have finished their job by the middle of this
year and the airport itlf will be built at a similarly breakneck pace.
As Chek Lap Kok ris, however, another new Asian inland is sinking back into the as. This is a 520-hectare island built in Osaka Bay, Japan, that rves as the platform for the new Kansai airport, Chek Lap Kok was built in a different way, and thus hopes to avoid the same sinking fate.
The usual ways to reclaim land is芽苗菜如何种植 to pile sand rock on to the abed. When the abed oozes with mud, this is rather like placing a textbook on a wet sponge: the weight squeezes the water out, causing both water and sponge to ttle lower. The ttlement is rarely even: different parts sink at different rates. So buildings, pipes, roads and so on tend to buckle and crack. You can engineer around the problems, or you can engineer them out. Kansai took the first approach; Chek Lap Kok is taking the cond.
The differences are both political and geological. Kansai was suppod to be built just on
e kilometre offshore, where the abed is quite solid. Fishermen protested, and the site was shifted a further five kilometres. That put it in deeper water (around 20 metres) and above a abed that低碳社区 consisted of 20 metres of soft alluvial silt and mud deposits. Wor, below it was a not-very-firm glacial deposit hundreds of metres thick.
The Kansai builders recognid that ttlement was inevitable. Sans was driven into the abed to strengthen it before the landfill was piled on top, in an attempt to slow the process; but this has not been as effective as had been hoped. To cope with ttlement, Kansai's giant terminal is supported on 900 pillars. Each of them can be 生态保护individually jacked up. allowing wedges to be added underneath. That is meant to keep the building level六字诗句.
But it could be 朝阳美食a tricky task.
Conditions are different at Chek Lap Kok. There was some land there to begin with, the
original little飞行的秘密 island of Chek Lap Kok and smaller outcrop called Lam Chau . Between them, the two outcrops of hard, weathered granite make up a quarter of the new island's surface area. Unfortunately, between the islands there was a layer of soft mud, 27 metres thick in places.
According to Frans Uiterwijk, a Dutchman who is the project's reclamation director, it would have been possible to leave this mud below the reclaimed land, and to deal with the resulting ttlement by the Kansai method. But the consortium that won the contract for the island opted for a more aggressive approach. It asmbled the world's largest fleet of dredges, which sucked up 150m cubic metres of clay and mud and dumped it in deeper waters. At the same time, sand was dredged from the waters and piled on top of the layer of stiff clay that the massive dredging had laid bare.
