蒸猪肚Journalism
What is journalism ?
Journalism is the activity or product of journalists or others engaged in the preparation of written, visual, or audio material intended for dismination through public media with reference to factual, ongoing events of public concern. It is intended to inform society about itlf and to make public, things that would otherwi be private.
The form of journalism
There are veral different forms of journalism, all with different intended audiences.
Advocacy journalism – writing to advocate particular viewpoints or influence the opinions of the audience.
Broadcast journalism – writing or speaking which is intended to be distributed by radio or television broadcasting, rather than only in written form for readers.
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Drone journalism – u of drones to capture journalistic footage.[4]
Gonzo journalism – first championed by journalist Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalism is a "highly personal style of reporting".[5]
Investigative journalism – writing which eks to add extra information to explain, or better describe the people and events of a particular topic.
Tabloid journalism – writing which us opinionated or wild claims.
骂人套路Yellow journalism (or nsationalism) – writing which emphasizes exaggerated claims or rumors.
The structure of journalism
Headline (or hed)Main article: Headline
The headline, heading, head or title of a story; "hed" in journalists' jargon.[2] The headline is typically a complete ntence, often with auxiliary verbs and articles removed. Howeve
r, headlines sometimes omit the subject.
Subhead (or dek or deck)
A phra, ntence or veral ntences near the title of an article or story, a quick blurb or article tear.
BillboardMain article: Billboard
Capsule-summary text, often just one ntence, which is put into a sidebar or text-box on the same page to grab the reader's attention as they are flipping through the pages to encourage them to stop and read this article.
Lead (or lede) or intro
The most important structural element of a story is the lead (or "intro" in the UK) — the story's first, or leading, ntence. (Some American English writers u the spelling lede梦见做生意, from the archaic English, to avoid confusion with the printing press type formerly made from the metal lead or the related typographical term leading.)
Charnley states that "an effective lead is a 'brief, sharp statement of the story's esntial facts.'” The lead is usually the first ntence, or in some cas the first two ntences, and is ideally 20-25 words in length. The top-loading principle applies especially to leads, but the unread ability of long ntences constrains the lead's size. This makes writing a lead an optimization problem, in which the goal is to articulate the most encompassing and interesting statement that a writer can make in one ntence, given the material with which he or she has to work. While a rule of thumb says the lead should answer most or all of the five Ws, few leads can fit all of the.万圣节狂欢夜
To "bury the lead" in news style refers to beginning a description with details of condary importance to the readers, forcing them to read more deeply into an article than they should have to in order to discover the esntial point(s).
Article leads are sometimes categorized into hard leads and soft leads. A hard lead aims to provide a comprehensive thesis which tells the reader what the article will cover. A soft lead introduces the topic in a more creative, attention-eking fashion, and is usually followed by a nut graph .
Media critics often note that the lead can be the most polarizing subject in the article. Often critics accu the article of bias bad on an editor's choice of headline and/or lead.
Nut graph (various spellings)Main article: Nut graph
One or more brief paragraphs that summarize the news value of the story, sometimes bullet-pointed and/or t off in a box. The various spellings are contractions of the expression nutshell paragraph. Nut graphs are ud particularly in feature stories .
"Grafs"
Slang for "paragraph."
"Kicker" A closing paragraph of the story which summarizes the key point and may contain a call-to-action.
Inverted pyramid structure
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Main article: Inverted pyramid
Journalists usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. The esntial and most interesting elements of a story are put at the beginning, with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance.
This structure enables readers to stop reading at any point and still come away with the esnce of a story. It allows people to explore a topic to only the depth that their curiosity takes them, and without the imposition of details or nuances that they could consider irrelevant, but still making that information available to more interested readers.
The inverted pyramid structure also enables articles to be trimmed to any arbitrary length during layout, to fit in the space available.
