The Empathy Jolt总结
何乐而不为
THE EMPHASIS PLACED ON THE CONCEPT OF EMPATHY IN SELF PSYCHOLOGY
推广的办法Empathy is one of the fundamental concepts in lf psychologicaltheory and practice.In Heinz Kohut’s last definition of empathy,he called it“the capacity to think and feel onelf into the inner life of another person”(1984:82).Of cour,lf psychology did not invent the concept of empathy.The u of the term empathy in psychology is derived from the German word einfuhlen,to feel or find one’s way into another’s state of mind.In fact,Sigmund Freud(1921),Sándor Ferenczi(1928),and Michael Balint(1952)all regarded empathyas an esntial therapeutic tool.However,lf psychological theory accorded empathya new centrality in the field of psychoanalysis(psychoanalytic epistemology),in the therapeutic experience,and in human development.Kohut’s emphasis onthe importance of empathy for psychoanalysis followed naturally from his focuson personal subjectivity generally and on lfobject experience in particular.
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One reason for Kohut’s emphasis on empathy was that he had becomeconcerned that(Freu
dian)analysts—and he included himlf—were not listeningadequately to their patients.Instead,he thought they were rigidlyunderstanding and interpreting from their theories rather than primarily fromtheir patients’experience.An authoritarian,omniscient quality,Kohutbelieved,was too often prent in analysts’listening to and interpretingtheir patients(Bacal 1998).Therefore,making empathy central to the listeningtask of the analyst was,in large part,Kohut’s attempt to remedy this situation.His insistence that the analyst maintain a position of prolonged empathicimmersion in the patient’s subjectivity was propod as a corrective to theformulaic-authoritarian trend he thought was prevalent in psychoanalyticclinical practice.
的感受>wps全选Kohut made two assumptions that underlay his emphasis on theconcept of empathy.First,he believed that the analyst should be free frompreconceived notions regarding the meaning of the patient’s experience.ForKohut,trained as a Freudian analyst,this meant not assuming that the Oedipuscomplex and conflicts around object love necessarily are at the root of allpsychological difficulties.Second,Kohut had come to believe in an idea thatthe interpersonal school of psychoanalysis had long held,namely,th
葛根种植at theanalyst is not a detached,objective obrver of his patient.Instead,theanalyst is a participant in what is generated in the analytic encounter andinfluences the patient’s moods,associations,and choices throughout(Basch1990).This assumption is critical to appreciating the patient’s experience intreatment generally,and the patient’s lfobject experience in treatment inparticular,as a construction between patient and analyst.
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