汉语称赞言语行为特征
高丽王朝中文
远程操作
称赞语是一种运用频率较高的礼貌言语行为，是言者对听者外貌、良好素质、成就及所有物等显性或隐性的赞美，被称作社会的“润滑剂”。称赞及其应答行为看似简单，实则涉及社会文化的诸多方面，值得研究。然而目前对称赞语的研究大部分集中在英语称赞语上，针对其他语种的研究不多，对汉语称赞语的研究尤其有限。因此，本文旨在从汉文化角度对称赞这一言语行为进行研究，希望对跨文化交际工作者、对外汉语教学研究者、非母语汉语学习者能有一定帮助。
本文通过利用国内外对称赞语及其答语的研究成果及研究框架，主要搜集整理来自中国古典名著《红楼梦》中的称赞语，并以自然观察法所得数据为佐料，具体从语义载体、句法模式、话题分布、社会功能、应答策略五个方面对汉语中称赞这一言语行为进行分析以总结其特征，并揭露隐藏在这一言语行为之下潜在的社会文化价值因素。幼儿园的设计
薪金造句结果表明：虽然汉语称赞语在词汇及句法层面上也具有程式化倾向，但在语义用词上丰富宽
泛得多，除了形容词，还体现于较高频率副词、名词及具有中国文化特色的习语及修辞现象的使用；在句法上，汉语称赞语中更多隐性称赞语的使用使得句法结构也较为新颖富于变化；话题分布大都集中在性格、成就能力、外貌、所有物四个方面，其中胡萝卜汁一些极具中国特色的话题尤其值得注意，比如仁爱、忠孝、尊老念旧思想等；汉语称赞语主要用以增加和巩固言者与听者之间团结一致关系，可以和其他言语行为共同使用以帮助其得以实现，如问候、致谢、祝贺、鼓励、安慰、软化批评等，另一具有负面意义的功能是言者希望借此得到听者的优待，称赞在此表现为阿谀奉承；在谦逊原则影响下中国人在回应称赞时更倾向于自我毁誉及否定拒绝。
本论文共分六章：第一章介绍本文目的、意义、研究数据及方法，回顾相关理论及文献，并鸟瞰全文结构。第二章至第四章从上述五个方面详细分析汉语称赞言语行为特征。第五章讨论隐藏在汉语称赞语下的深层社会文化因素。最后一章总结主要研究成果，为对外汉语教学提出试探性意见，指出本文不足之处，并对以后的研究给出建议。
译文
Compliments, called as “social lubricant”, are a kind of frequently ud polite speech act,
形容歌曲的词语儿时梦想which explicitly or implicitly attributes credit to someone other than the speaker, usually the person addresd, for some “good” (posssions, characteristic, skill, etc.) which is positively valued by the speaker and the hearer (Holmes, 1986). They are far more complicated than they appear in terms of the relation between language, society and culture. However, most of former rearches focud on English varieties, the study of compliments in other linguistic-cultural systems being so little that Chine compliments were very limitedly touched upon. The prent study attempts to carry out the study of compliment speech act in Chine culture. The author wishes it might be helpful to tho interested in this topic.
Bad on the findings and framework of previous studies on compliment speech act at home and abroad, together with the data from the Chine classical literature Hong Lou Meng and natural obrvation, this paper analyzes Chine compliment speech act in terms of mantic load carriers, syntactic patterns, topic distribution, social functions, respon strategies, as well as the implied social and cultural values beneath it.
The results indicate: Chine compliments can also be regarded as formulaic both on mantic and syntactic level. But they are characterized by the richness in words and expressions embodied by diversity of adjectives, more frequently ud adverbs & nouns and a large amount of Chine culture-bad idioms and rhetoric phenomena. More implicit compliments in Chine compliments (CCs) make the syntactic structures more original and various. CCs’ topics mainly fall into four categories: personality, ability, appearance, and posssions, among which tho have strong Chine flavor include benevolence, loyalty, filial piety, topics about “oldness” & “natural quality”, etc. CCs are mainly utilized to increa or consolidate the solidarity between speaker and hearer, can also be ud together with other speech acts to make them realized more easily, and sometimes function as flattery resulted from the motivation of the complimenter to get favorable treatment from the complimentee. Under the influence of Modesty Maxim in traditional Chine culture, Chine people intend to u Self-denigration and Disagreement Strategy when responding to compliments.
The prent paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter One introduces the objectives & s
ignificance and data source & methodology, attempts to make literature review, introduces related theories, and makes an overview of the whole structure. The next three chapters analyzes Chine compliment speech act in detail from the five aspects mentioned above. Chapter Five discuss the deep-rooted social and cultural values embedded in Chine compliments. The ending part Chapter Six makes a summary of the main findings, puts forwards some tentative suggestions for Teaching Chine as a Second Language(TCSL), points out the shortcomings of prent study and propos some advice for further study in the field.
李世民老婆
