GRE之OG2阅读真题整理
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GRE阅读真题之OG2
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Passage 11
Nineteenth-century architect Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc contended that Paris’s Notre-Dame cathedral, built primarily in the late twelfth century, was supported from the very beginning by a system of flying buttress — a ries of exterior arches (flyers) and their supports (buttress) — which permitted the construction of taller vaulted buildings with slimmer walls and interior supports than had been possible previously. Other commentators insist, however, that Notre-Dame did not have flying buttress until the thirteenth or fourteenth century, when they were added to update the building aestheticall
y and correct its structural flaws. Although post-twelfth-century modifications and renovations complicate efforts to resolve this controversy — all pre-fifteenth-century flyers have been replaced, and the buttress have been rebuilt and/or resurfaced — it is nevertheless possible to tell that both the nave and the choir, the church’s two major parts, have always had flying buttress. It is clear, now that nineteenth-century paint and plaster have been removed, that the nave’s lower buttress date from the twelfth century. Moreover, the choir’s lower flyers have chevron (zigzag) decoration. Chevron decoration, which was characteristic of the cond half of the twelfth century and was out of favor by the fourteenth century, is entirely abnt from modifications to the building that can be dated with confidence to the thirteenth century.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. tracing the development of a controversy
动物儿歌教学设计B. discussing obstacles to resolving a controversy
C. arguing in support of one side in a controversy
D. analyzing the assumptions underlying the claims made in a controversy
E. explaining why evidence relevant to a controversy has been overlooked
2. The claim of the “other commentators” (line 6) suggests that they believe which of the following about Notre-Dame?
A. It was the inspiration for many vaulted cathedrals built in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.忘的成语
B. Its design flaws were not apparent until flying buttress were added in the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
C. Its flying buttress are embellished with decoration characteristic of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
D. It had been modified in some respects before flying buttress were added in the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
E. It was originally constructed in an architectural style that was considered outmoded by the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
3. The author’s argument concerning Notre-Dame’s flying buttress depends on which of the following assumptions about the choir’s lower flyers?
A. They accurately reproduce the decoration on the choir’s original lower flyers.
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B. They have a type of decoration ud exclusively for exterior surfaces.
C. They were the models for the choir’s original upper flyers.
D. They were the models for the nave’s original lower flyers.
E. They were constructed after the nave’s flyers were constructed.
GRE阅读真题之OG2
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Passage 15
According to the conventional view, rfdom in nineteenth-century Russia inhibited economic growth. In this view Russian peasants’ status as rfs kept them poor through burdensome taxes in cash, in labor, and in kind; through restrictions on mobility; and through various forms of coercion. Melton, however, argues that rfdom was perfectly compatible with economic growth, becau many Russian rfs were able to get around landlords’ rules and regulations. If rfs could pay for passports, they were usually granted permission to leave the estate. If they could pay the fine, they could establish a parate houhold; and if they had the resources, they could hire laborers to cultivate the communal lands, while they themlves engaged in trade or worked as migrant laborers in cities.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the “rules and regulations” (lines 9-10) affecting rfdom in Russia involved
A. responsibility for the work needed to accomplish certain defined tasks
春节慰问信B. restrictions on freedom of movement
C. limitations on the ability to t up an independent houhold
2. The ntence “If rfs … estate” (lines 10-11) has which of the following functions in the passage?
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A. It provides support for an argument prented in the preceding ntence.
B. It provides evidence that helps undermine a view introduced in the first ntence.
C. It rais a question that the succeeding ntence will resolve.
GRE阅读真题之OG2
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Passage 12
The average temperature of the lobster-rich waters off the coast of Foerkland has been in
creasing for some years. In warmer water, lobsters grow faster. In particular, lobster larvae take less time to reach the size at which they are no longer vulnerable to predation by young cod, the chief threat to their survival. Conquently, the survival rate of lobster larvae must be going up, and the lobster population in Foerkland’s coastal waters is bound to increa.
1. Which of the following, if true, most riously weakens the argument?
A. There are indications that in recent years the fishing fleet operating off the coast of Foerkland has been taking cod at an unsustainably high rate.
B. The increa in water temperatures off Foerkland has not been as pronounced as the increa in average soil temperatures in Foerkland.
C. Becau of their speeded-up growth, lobsters now get large enough to be legal catch before they reach reproductive maturity.
D. Even though lobsters grow faster in warmer waters, warmer waters have no effect on t
he maximum size to which a lobster can eventually grow.
E. Cod are a cold-water species, and the increasing water temperatures have caud a northward shift in Foerkland’s cod population.
GRE阅读真题之OG2
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Passage 13
Reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the United States during the 1960s, compor Philip Glass (born 1937) embraced the ethos of popular music without imitating it. Glass bad two symphonies on music by rock musicians David Bowie and Brian Eno, but the symphonies’ sound is distinctively his. Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass’s classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music. Yet this u of popular elements has not made Glass a compos安全教育作业
er of popular music. His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the classics.
