Design and art
Design is often viewed as a more rigorous form of art, or art with a clearly defined purpo. The distinction is usually made when someone other than the artist is defining the purpo. In graphic arts the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art. Applied art and decorative arts are other terms, the latter mostly ud for objects from the past.
In the realm of the arts, design is more relevant to the "applied" arts, such as architecture and industrial design. Today the term design is widely associated with modern industrial product design as initiated by Raymond Loewy and teachings at the Bauhaus and Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm) in Germany during the 20th Century.
数学算式Design implies a conscious effort to create something that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. For example, a graphic artist may design an advertiment poster. This person's job is to communicate the advertiment message (functional aspect) and to make it look good (aesthetically pleasing).
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The distinction between pure and applied arts is not completely clear, but one may consider Jackson Pollock's (often criticized as "splatter") paintings as an example of pure art. One may assume his art does not convey a message bad on the obvious differences between an advertiment poster and the mere possibility of an abstract message of a Jackson Pollock painting. One may speculate that Pollock, when painting, worked more intuitively than would a graphic artist, when consciously designing a poster. However, Mark Getlein suggests the principles of design are "almost instinctive", "built-in", "natural", and part of "our n of 'rightness'." Pollock, as a trained artist, may have utilized design whether conscious or not.
Design and engineering
Engineering is often viewed as a more rigorous form of design. Contrary views suggest that design is a component of engineering aside from production and other operations which utilize engineering. A neutral view may suggest that design and engineering simply overlap, depending on the discipline of design. The American Heritage Dictionary defines
design as: "To conceive or fashion in the mind; invent," and "To formulate a plan", and defines engineering as: "The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, process, and systems.". Both are forms of problem-solving with a defined distinction being the application of "scientific and mathematical principles".
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How much science is applied in a design is a question of what is considered “science”. Along with the question of what is considered science, there is social science versus natural science. Scientists made the distinction of design versus engineering at "moving minds" versus "moving atoms".
Design and production
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The relationship between design and production is one of planning and executing. In theory, the plan should anticipate and compensate for potential problems in the execution process. Design involves problem-solving and creativity.
In contrast, production involves a routine or pre-planned process.
A design may also be a mere plan that does not include a production or engineering process, although a working knowledge of such process is usually expected of designers. In some cas, it may be unnecessary and/or impractical to expect a designer with a broad multidisciplinary knowledge required for such designs to also have a detailed specialized knowledge of how to produce the product.
Design and production are intertwined为什么便血 (adj. 1000字检讨书缠绕的；错综复杂的;v. 人参泡酒怎么泡使缠结，缠绕（intertwine衬衫蝴蝶结的系法的过去式）) in many creative professional careers, meaning problem-solving is part of execution and the rever. As the cost of rearrangement increas, the need for parating design from production increas as well. For example, a high-budget project, such as a skyscraper, requires parating (design) architecture from (production) construction. A Low-budget project, such as a locally printed office party invitation flyer, can be rearranged and printed dozens of times at the low cost of a few sheets of paper, a few drops of ink, and less than one hour's pay of a desktop publisher.
This is not to say that production never involves problem-solving or creativity, nor that design always involves creativity. Designs are rarely perfect and are sometimes repetitive. The imperfection of a design may task a production position (e.g. production artist, construction worker) with utilizing creativity or problem-solving skills to compensate for what was overlooked in the design process. Likewi, a design may be a simple repetition (copy) of a known preexisting solution, requiring minimal, if any, creativity or problem-solving skills from the designer.
