1. Define anthropology. What are the 4 traditional approaches to study anthropology?
甄嬛传是哪个朝代Anthropology can be defined as the study of human nature, human society, and human history. It is a scholarly discipline that aims to describe what it means to be human. Anything having to do with human beings is of concern to anthropologists.
Physical anthropologists e human beings first and foremost as biological organisms. 经期喝酒
Prehistoric Archaeology involves the excavation and study of the remains of extinct human societies.
Anthropological linguistics subdivides language into four specialties: Phonology, the study of the sounds of language; Morphology, the study of the structure of words; Syntax, the study of ntence structure; Semantics, the study of meaning.
Cultural anthropology explores the cultural and social world of modern man by means of holism, comparativism and relativism. It tries to find out the special features and similarities 尼德兰
between different cultures, and how their religion and customs are related.
2. Define ethnography. Give a short description to a minority nationality in China that you know.
Following fieldwork, cultural anthropologists usually write about what they have learned in scholarly articles or in books called ethnography. An ethnography is a description of a single culture. Cultural anthropologists are also called ethnographers.
Dai nationality has a population of more than 840,000, and live mainly in Xishuangbanna, known as "Land of Peacocks" and Dehong Prefectures in which people believe in Hinayana of Buddhism. They have been long well- known for their peacock dance. To the Dais the peacock is a symbol of good luck, happiness, beauty and honesty. Most of Dai villages are built along rivers with thatch bamboo hous.
The Water Splashing Festival, held by the Dai Nationality in the sixth month of the Dai calendar (in the middle of April), is the grandest ceremonial occasion for the Dai. It is also
known as the festival for bathing Buddha. The festival is related to the Buddhist legend of dragon sprinkling fragrant showers on Lord Buddha at his birth. The Buddhist legend has gradually been mingled with the customs of the Dai people since their conversion to Buddhism. Currently, the festival is a combination of the Flower Collecting Festival and the Water Splashing Fair.
3.Define culture. What is unique of human culture, and why?
豆腐蛋汤新白雪公主 Culture can be defined as ts of learned behavior and ideas that human beings us both to pursue their interest and to identify the interests they ought to pursue.
The human condition is distinguished from that of other living species by culture. Humans have a brain capable of open symbolic thought, and organs such as hands capable of manipulating matters powerfully or delicately, the interaction between human beings and the wider world is deeper than that of any other species and its world. The characteristic human relationship with the wider world makes cultural creation not only possible but necessary for our very survival. (P. 26)
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Human beings are social by nature. Apart from sucking, grasping, and crying, humans have no instincts or innate respons that would ensure their survival without their learning the culture of the group into which they are born.
Culture is learned. We begin learning as infants, from other members of the group to which we belong. Human beings do not reinvent culture for themlves each generation. They acquire massive chunks of it from the previous generation and on that basis add to what they have received.
4. Define Ethnocentrism烤鳗鱼. Give a short description to any nation or state in the human history you know as an example.
Ethnocentrism is the term anthropologists u to describe the opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct, indeed, the only true way of being fully human. (a form of reductionism) The degree of ethnocentrism, which is showed by Americans, is higher than any other western country.
抗日战争手抄报 One of the ethnocentrism examples would be the Nazism. During the Second World War, Germany led by Nazis conquered many countries in Europe and killed millions of people especially Jews, which was a typical example of ethnocentrism
5. Define fieldwork. What preparations are involved in the fieldwork?
Fieldwork is the classical method of anthropological rearch in which all anthropological knowledge is grounded. It is the final pha of formal anthropological training . It is also the experience that characterizes and defines the discipline and that anthropologists expect to repeat frequently throughout their careers.
The preparations are involved in the fieldwork.
1. The anthropologists have to make their final decisions about where they will do their rearch and on what topic.
2. They should prepare for their rearch by learning all they can about the place and the people they intend to visit, including reading history, government documents, and eth
nographies.
3. The anthropologists must obtain funding for their rearch.
