L1 Finding fossil man
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can prerve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed
down from one generation of storytellers to another. The legends are uful becau they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of the people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.
But the first people who were like ourlves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, becau this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have ud wood and skins, but the have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
New words and expressions
recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次
record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后
叙述：recount : emotionless 重复
describe
depict： a little emotional
narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
portray：描述
可悲的英文saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事 描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事
legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood
anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家
anthrop：人
苏东坡的故事
philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家
philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人）
anthropology :人类学
带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学
remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远
ancestor / 'Anst[/ n.祖先
an- 在前面
forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先强大的近义词
rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉
leave me rot.＝leave me along
rot to death.
soon ripe,soon rotten.
decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompo 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化
trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹
trace the problem
i follow your trace＝i follow where you go
polynesia 波利尼西亚
poly-多
polyandric: a wife with more than one husband
polygeny : a husband with more than one wife
flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted
fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石
read of 读到
谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of
near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric
far east
非限定性从句，表原因
oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language.
precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词
家常红烧肉做法
counterpart: two things or two people have the same position
oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart.
prerve: 保留，保存（腌制）
如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth.
storyteller: 讲故事的人
营养早餐的做法
fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生
migration ：移民 １）migrant ２）immigrant
痛风的主要原因v. migrate:迁移，迁徙
migratory bird:候鸟
none: no body
people＋s 民族
if they had any: 即便是有
his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.
find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore天猫活动
modern men :the men who were like ourlves
however－anywhere you want ,加逗号
but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the ntence
therefore－自由
so－自由
tool:小工具
足球趣味游戏instrument:实验器械
equipment:设备
shape:成型；教育，改造
may also have:表推测
peel:果皮
leather:皮革
hide:兽皮 cowhide:牛皮
without (any) trace:无影无踪
L 2 Spare that spider
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Becau they destroy so many incts, and incts include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Incts would make it impossible.for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from inct-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat incts but all of them put together
kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other inct eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our
belongings.
Spiders are not incts, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an inct never more than six.
How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing incts. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the incts destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
