形容词与副词
形容词副词的原级
1．用法腹部查体
(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as” “as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”“as＋many/much＋复数名词/不可数名词＋as”的结构；
Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)．
亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
(2)表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”的结构；
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利的书不如我的多。
[名师指津] as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词
The building is as tall as 100 meters.＝The building is 100 meters tall.
这幢楼有100米高。
2．形式为同级比较的一些习惯用语
英语中有些短语看似是同级比较的结构，实际上它们是习惯用语，有特定含义，如“as long as只要”；as far as“远至……，就……而言”；as well as“既……又”；as good as“与……几乎一样，几乎，简直是”。
As far as I know, he is a reliable person.就我所知，他是一个可靠的人。
He has experience as well as knowledge.他既有知识又有经验。
3．as ...as结构前可用almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite等修饰，表示程度。
Let’s walk. It’s just as quick as taking the bus.
咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1．比较级与最高级的构成
回锅肉的做法最正宗的做法
(1)规则变化：
词形分类及变化构成 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词和少数双音节词 | 一般加er或est | tall strong | taller stronger | tallest strongest |
以不发音的e结尾的，只加r或st | nice late | nicer later | nicest latest |
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或est | big hot thin fat | bigger hotter thinner fatter | biggest hottest thinnest fattest |
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或est | happy easy early | happier easier earlier | happiest提高个税起征点 easiest earliest |
其他双音节词和多音节词 | 在前面加more或most | difficult beautiful | more difficult， more beautiful | most difficult， most beautiful |
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[名师指津] 有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, greatly, very等。
(2)不规则变化：
原级 | 咸饭的做法比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
bad (badly)/ill | wor | worst |
many/much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
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指点迷津：①farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。②elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。elder sister姐姐；elder brother哥哥。
2．比较级的用法
(1)比较级的常见结构
自然景物8和9的书写①表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”结构。
This computer is less expensive than mine.这部电脑没有我的贵。
②表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……就越……”。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。
③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。
④表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。
You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。
⑤“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的那个”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。
⑥形式为比较级结构的习惯用语
短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
more than | 超过，不止，不仅仅；非常 | Peace is much more than the abnce of war.和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。 She is more than lfish. 她非常自私。 |
more ... than ... | 与其说……不如说…… | She is more thoughtless than stupid.与其说她笨，还不如说她粗心大意。 |
not more than | 至多 | I have not more than ten books in my bag.我的书包里的书不多于10本。 |
no more than | 只有 | I have no more than ten books in my bag. 我的书包里只有10本书。 |
less than | 少于 家常炸萝卜丸子的做法 | It had cost Tom less than five dollars.汤姆花了不到五美元买了这件东西。跨行转账一般多长时间到账 |
no less than | 有……之多 | No less than a thousand people came. 来的人竟有一千人之多。 |
not less than | 不少于 | He is not less than 80 years old. 他至少80岁了。 |
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指点迷津：某些以ior结尾的形容词表示比较意义时，后面常接to而不是than。这些词有：inferior (劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……)，junior(资历较浅的)，nior(资格较老的)等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.他在化学上比张老师优秀。
The apples are inferior in flavor to tho.这些苹果的味道不如那些苹果的味道。
He is three years nior to me.他比我年长3岁。
(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式
I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。
I can’t agree more.我完全同意。
He is better at English than anything el.他最擅长英语。
Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone el in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.
＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.
每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。
(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。
The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。
3．最高级的用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.
＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.
上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the cond largest continent in the world.
非洲是世界上第二大洲。
(4)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。
I’d like to buy the cond most expensive camera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。
指点迷津：by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。
