专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷150 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSION
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this ction there are veral passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choo the one that you think is the best answer.
(1)So Roger Chillingworth—a deformed old figure, with a face that haunted men’s memories longer than they liked—took leave of Hester Prynne, and went stooping away along the earth. He gathered here and there an herb, or grubbed up a root, and put it into the basket on his arm. His grey beard almost touched the ground, as he crept onward. Hester gazed after him a little while, looking with a half fantastic curiosity to e whether the tender grass of early spring would not be blighted beneath him, and show the wavering trac
k of his footsteps, re and brown, across its cheerful verdure. She wondered what sort of herbs they were, which the old man was so dulous to gather. Would not the earth, quickened to by the sympathy of his eye, greet him with poisonous shrubs, of species hitherto unknown, that would start up under his fingers? Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch? Did the sun, which shone so brightly everywhere el, really fall upon him? Or was there, as it rather emed, a circle of ominous shadow moving along with his deformity, whichever way he turned himlf? And whither was he now going? Would he not suddenly sink into the earth, leaving a barren and blasted spot, where, in due cour of time, would be en deadly nightshade(颠茄), dogwood(山茱萸), henbane(天仙子), and whatever el of vegetable wickedness the climate could produce, all flourishing with hideous luxuriance? Or would he spread bat’s wings and flee away, looking so much the uglier, the higher he ro towards heaven? (2)”Be it sin or no,” said Hester Prynne bitterly, as she still gazed after him, “I hate the man!” (3)She upbraided herlf for the ntiment, but could not overcome or lesn it. Attempting to do so, she thought of tho
long-past days, in a distant land, when he ud to emerge at eventide(黄昏)from the clusion of his study, and sit down in the firelight of their home, and in the light of her nuptial smile. He needed to bask himlf in that smile, he said, in order that the chill of so many lonely hours among his books might be taken off the scholar’s heart. Such scenes had once appeared not otherwi than happy, but now, as viewed through the dismal medium of her subquent life, they clasd themlves among her ugliest remembrances. She marvelled how such scenes could have been! She marvelled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him! She deemed it her crime most to be repented of, that she had ever endured, and reciprocated, the lukewarm grasp of his hand, and had suffered the smile of her lips and eyes to mingle and melt into his own. And it emed a fouler offence committed by Roger Chillingworth, than any which had since been done him, that, in the time when her heart knew no better, he had persuaded her to fancy herlf happy by his side. (4)”Yes, I hate him!” repeated Hester, more bitterly than before. “He betrayed me! He has done me wor wrong than I did him!” (5)Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost pa
ssion of her heart! El it may be their mirable fortune, as it was Roger Chillingworth’s, when some mightier touch than their own may have awakened all her nsibilities, to be reproached even for the calm content, the marble image of happiness, which they will have impod upon her as the warm reality. But Hester ought long ago to have done with this injustice. What did it betoken? Had ven long years, under the torture of the scarlet letter, inflicted so much of miry, and wrought out no repentance? (6)The emotions of that brief space, while she stood gazing after the crooked figure of old Roger Chillingworth, threw a dark light on Hester’s state of mind, revealing much that she might not otherwi have acknowledged to herlf. (7)He being gone, she summoned back her child. (8)”Pearl! Little Pearl! Where are you?” (9)Pearl, who activity of spirit never flagged, had been at no loss for amument while her mother talked with the old gatherer of herbs. At first, as already told, she had flirted fancifully with her own image in a pool of water, beckoning the phantom forth, and—as it declined to venture—eking a passage for herlf into its sphere of impalpable earth and unattainable sky. Soon finding, however, that either she or the image was unreal, she turned elwhere for better pastim
e. She made little boats out of birch-bark(桦树皮), and freighted them with snail-shells , and nt out more ventures on the mighty deep than any merchant in New England: but the larger part of them foundered near the shore. She ized a live hor-shoe(鲎)by the tail, and made prize of veral five-fingers(海星), and laid out a jelly-fish to melt in the warm sun. Then she took up the white foam, that streaked the line of the advancing tide, and threw it upon the breeze, scampering after it, with winged footsteps, to catch the great snowflakes ere they fell. Perceiving a flock of beach-birds, that fed and fluttered along the shore, the naughty child picked up her apron full of pebbles, and, creeping from rock to rock after the small a-fowl, displayed remarkable dexterity in pelting them. One Utile grey bird, with a white breast, Pearl was almost sure, had been hit by a pebble, and fluttered away with a broken wing. But then the elf-child sighed, and gave up her sport: becau it grieved her to have done harm to a Utile being that was as wild as the a-breeze, or as wUd as Pearl herlf. (10)Her final employment was to gather a-weed, of various kinds, and make herlf a scarf, or mantle, and a head-dress, and thus assume the aspect of a Utile mermaid. She inherited her mother’s gift for devising draper
y and costume. As the last touch to her mermaid garb, Pearl took some eel-grass, and imitated, as best she could, on her own bosom, the decoration with which she was so familiar on her mother’s. A letter—the letter A—but freshly green, instead of scarlet! The child bent her chin upon her breast, and contemplated this device with strange interest: even as if the one only thing for which she had been nt into the world was to make out its hidden import.
1． According to Para. 1, people are most impresd by ChilUngworth’s______.
A．spirit
B．figure
C．age
D．appearance
正确答案：A
解析：推断题。从第一段第四句开始到最后一句，作者花费了大量笔墨形容齐灵沃斯，比如“早春的嫩草是否会在他的脚下枯萎”“坟地是否会在他目光的感应下立刻产生邪意”“大地是否会在他接触之后就把每一种良木益草都变成毒木莠草来满足他呢”“是否有一圈不祥的阴影……无论他走到哪里都如影随形呢”等。由poisonous shrubs、ominous shadow、wickedness这些词也可推知，该段重点强调的是齐灵沃斯的邪恶内心，故[A]为答案。虽然该段第一句提到了齐灵沃斯的身材畸形、年纪很大以及外貌丑陋，但这些并不是该段重点强调的内容，故[B]、[C]、[D]均排除。 知识模块：阅读
2． Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?
A．Would not t him with (Para. 1)
B．.. .as it rather emed, a circle of (Para. 1)
C．Would he not suddenly sink into (Para. 1)
D．Or would he spread bat’s wings and (Para. 1)
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正确答案：D
解析：修辞题。[D]选项出现在第一段最后一句“他是否会展开蝙蝠的翅膀腾空飞去”，此处本体“手臂”被省略，喻体是“蝙蝠的翅膀”，没有比喻词，使用了暗喻，故选[D]。[A]选项出现在第一段第六句“坟地是否会……马上生出一种从不知名的毒草来迎接他呢……”，此处通过动词greet把坟地拟人化，故排除；[B]选项出现在第一段第九句“……是否有一圈不祥的阴影，当真像看上去的那样……”，此处as引导的是非限制性定语从句，而非比喻词，该句没有使用暗喻，故排除；[C]选项出现在第一段第十一句“他是否会突然沉入地下……”，该句没有喻体，故排除。 知识模块：阅读
3． What can NOT be concluded from the first five paragraphs about Roger ChiUingworth?
A．He was physically and psychologicaUy monstrous.
B．He was deficient in human warmth.
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C．He might be a doctor.
D．He has won his wife’s heart early in their marriage.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。由第三段最后一句“罗杰-齐灵沃斯犯下的过错更为恶劣，在她不谙世事时使她误以为追随在他身边便是幸福……”以及第五段前两句“除非同时赢得女人们内心最深处的激情，否则就让那些只获得她们首肯婚约的男人们发抖吧!他们会像罗杰-齐灵沃斯一样命运悲惨……”可以推断出齐灵沃斯从未真正赢得妻子的芳心，故[D]为答案。第一段第一句提到了齐灵沃斯的身体畸形，同时从第一段对齐灵沃斯邪恶心理的描述还可推断出他的心理也畸形，故排除[A]。第三段第三句提到齐灵沃斯需要她的微笑来温暖自己，以便驱散因为长时间独自埋头读书而在他那学者的心中所积郁的寒气，由此可知，他缺乏人类温暖，故排除[B]。由第一段第二句中的“他到处采集药草或挖掘植物根茎”和第五句中的“她想知道那老人如此勤快采集的药草是哪一种”可以推断出齐灵沃斯目前的职业可能是医生，故排除[C]。 知识模块：阅读
4． Which of the following words is ud metaphorically, NOT Uterally?
A．Study.(Para. 3)
B．Content.(Para. 5)
C．Snowflakes.(Para. 9)
D．Gift.(Para. 10)
正确答案：C
解析：修辞题。[C]选项出现在第九段第六句，该句句意为：她捞起海潮前缘上的白色泡沫……想在这些大雪花飘落之前就抓住它们，此处本体“白色泡沫”被省略，喻体是“大雪花”，没有比喻词，故[C]使用了“暗喻”。[A]选项出现在第三段第二句“……那时候他常常在黄昏时刻便从幽闭的书斋中出来……”，此处study使用的是其字面意思“书房”，故排除；[B]选项出现在第五段第二句“……即使是他们当作温暖的现实而要加诸女人身上的那种平静的满足……都要受到指责……”，此处content使用的是其字面意思“满足”，故排除；[D]选项出现在第十段第二句“她继承了她母亲做衣服的天分”，此处gift使用的是其字面意思“天分”，故排除。 知识模块：阅读
5． It can be inferred from Para. 9 that Pearl is______.
A．naughty
B．kind-hearted
C．wild
家庭观念D．dexterous
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。第九段最后一句话提到：这小精灵般的孩子却叹了口气，放弃了这个游戏；因为伤害了一个像海风或者说像珠儿她自己一样狂野的小家伙，这让她很伤心。由珠儿因为伤害到小鸟而感到伤心，从而放弃玩游戏可以推断出珠儿心地善良，故[B]为答案，同时排除[C]，因为该句直接提到珠儿本性狂野，不需要推测。同样，该段倒数第三句直接提到珠儿是个淘气的孩子，并且在向小鸟扔石子时表现出敏捷的身手，故排除[A]和[D]。 知识模块：阅读
(1)It’s a golden age for studying inequality. Thomas Piketty, a French economist, t th
e benchmark in 2014 when his book, “Capital in the Twenty-First Century”, was published in English and became a bestller. The book mapped the contours of the crisis with a sweeping theory of economic history. Inequality, which had been on the wane from the 1930s until the 1970s, had rin sharply back toward the high levels of the Industrial Revolution, he argued. Now Branko Milanovic, an economist at the Luxembourg Income Study Centre and the City University of New York, has written a comprehensive follow-up. It reinforces how Utile is really known about economic forces of long duration. (2)In some ways “Global Inequality” is a less ambitious book than “Capital”. It is shorter, and written more like an academic working paper than a work of substantial scholarship for a wider readership. (3)Like Mr Piketty, he begins with piles of data asmbled over years of rearch. He ts the trends of different individual countries in a global context. Over the past 30 years the incomes of workers in the middle of the global income distribution have soared, as has pay for the richest 1% . At the same time, incomes of the working class in advanced economies have stagnated. This dynamic helped create a global middle class. It also caud global economic inequality to plateau, and perhaps even decl
喷雾能带上高铁吗ine, for the first time since industrialisation began. (4)To help interpret the facts, Mr Milanovic provides the readers with a ries of neat mental models. He mus, for instance, that at the dawn of industrialisation, inequality within countries(or class-bad inequality)was responsible for the largest gaps between rich people and poor. After industrialisation, inequality across countries(or location-bad inequality)became more important. But as gaps between countries become ever more narrow, class-bad inequality will become more important as most of the differences in incomes between rich people and poor people will once again be due to gaps within countries. He asons the discussion with interesting comments, such as how incomes and inequality fell over the cour of the Roman Empire. (5)Mr Milanovic’s boldest contribution is about “Kuznets waves”, which he offers as an alternative to two other prevailing theories of inequality. Simon Kuznets, a 20th-century economist, argued that inequality is low at low levels of development, ris during industrialisation and falls as countries reach economic maturity: high inequality is the temporary side-effect of the developmental process. Mr Piketty offered an alternative explanation: that high levels of inequality are the natural stat
e of modern economies. Only unusual events, like the two world wars and the Depression of the 1930s, disrupt that normal equilibrium. (6)Mr Milanovic suggests that both are mistaken. Across history, he reckons, inequality has tended to flow in cycles: Kuznets waves. In the pre-industrial period, the waves were governed by Malthusian dynamics: inequality would ri as countries enjoyed a spell of good fortune and high incomes, then fall as war or famine dragged average income back to subsistence level. With industrialisation, the forces creating Kuznets waves changed: to technology, openness and policy(TOP, as he shortens it). In the 19th century technological advance, globalisation and policy shifts all worked together in mutually reinforcing ways to produce dramatic economic change. Workers were reallocated from farms to factories, average incomes and inequality soared and the world became unprecedentedly interconnected. Then a combination of forces, some malign(war and political upheaval)and some benign(incread education)squeezed inequality to the lows of the 1970s. (7)Since then, the rich world has been riding a new Kuznets wave, propelled by another era of economic change. Technological progress and trade work together to squeeze workers, h
e says: cheap technology made in foreign economies undermines the bargaining power of rich-world workers directly, and makes it easier for firms to replace people with machines. Workers’ declining economic power is compounded by lost political power as the very rich u their fortunes to influence candidates and elections. (8)This diagnosis carries with it a predictive element. Mr Milanovic expects rich-world inequality to keep rising, in America especially, before eventually declining. Importantly, he argues that the downswing in inequality that occurs on the backside of a Kuznets wave is an inevitable result of the preceding ri. Where Mr Piketty es the inequality-compressing historical events of the early 20th century as an accident, Mr Milanovic believes them to be the direct result of soaring inequality. The arch for foreign investment opportunities engendered imperialism and t the stage for war. There are parallels, if imperfect ones, to the modern economy: rich economies em to be stagnating as the very rich struggle to find places to earn good returns on their piles of wealth. (9)Mr Milanovic’s analysis leads him to consider some dark possibilities as he looks ahead. America looks to be falling into the grips of an undemocratic plutocracy(富豪统治), he says, which is depende
重庆高校nt on an expanding curity state. In Europe right-wing nativism(本土主义)is on the ri. The good news is that emerging economies will probably continue on their path toward rich-world incomes—though that, he allows, is not guaranteed, and could be threatened by political crisis in other markets. (10)The book’s conclusion is a little unsatisfying. A theory in which rising inequality eventually triggers countervailing social dislocations feels intuitively right, but it also leaves many important questions unanswered. When is war, rather than revolution, the probable outcome of inequality? Are governments at the mercy of the cycle, or can they act pre-emptively to flatten out the waves and avoid cris of high inequality? Mr Milanovic’狗狗图片s contributions are ultimately similar to tho made by Mr Piketty. The data he provides offer a clearer picture of great economic puzzles, and his bold theorising chips away at tired economic orthodoxies. But the grand theory does as much to reveal the scale of contemporary ignorance as to illuminate the mechanics of the global economy.
6． What similarity does Branko Milanovic’s book share with that of Thomas Piketty?
A．The publishing time.
B．The length.
C．The writing style.裴邃
雷锋之歌D．The beginning.
正确答案：D
解析：推断题。作者在前三段将布兰科-米兰诺维克的《全球不平等》和托马斯-皮克迪的《21世纪资本论》进行了对比。第三段第一句提到米兰诺维克像皮克迪一样，也是以多年研究所收集的大量数据开篇，由此可知，两本书的相似点是开头，故[D]为答案。第一段第二句提到2014年皮克迪的《21世纪资本论》出版了英文版并成为了畅销书籍，而该段倒数第二句提到米兰诺维克的书是近期出版的，并且是皮克迪的后续之作，由此可知，两本书的出版时间不一样，故排除[A]；第二段的第二句提到，与《21世纪资本论》相比，《全球不平等》更短一些，写得更像是学术研究报告，而不是读者群更为广泛的大部头学术著作，由此可知两本书的长度不一样，写作风格也不一样，故排除[B]和[C]。 知识模块：阅
读
7． Which of the following statements about Kuznets waves is true?
A．It is provided by Simon Kuznets.
B．It is complementary to Piketty’s theory of inequality.
C．It considers inequality to be only affected by historical events.
D．It considers the ris and falls of inequality as a cycle.
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。作者在第六段前两句中提到米兰诺维克觉得西蒙-库兹涅茨和皮克迪两个人关于不平等的理论都错了，他认为历史上不平等往往是周期性的起伏，即“库兹涅茨波浪”，故[D]为答案。同时结合第五段第一句米兰诺维克最大胆的贡献是“库兹涅茨波浪”，该理论可作为其他两种主流不平等理论的替代，由此可知，“库兹涅茨波浪”不是库兹涅茨提出的，并且该理论和皮克迪的不平等理论是排斥而非互补的关系，故排除[A]和[B]；第五段
最后两句提到高水平的不平等是当代经济体的自然状态，只有重大的历史事件才能打破这一状态，但这是皮克迪的理论，故排除[C]。 知识模块：阅读
