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模板拆除顺序Health Technology Asssment
Comprehension Questions
Indicate whether the statement is true or fal,and justify your answer.Be sure to state any additional assumptions you may need.
1.A dominated treatment is one that is less cost effective than another treat-
ment(even though it may produce better medical outcomes).
FALSE.A dominated treatment is one that is both more expensive and less effective than some other treatment.It is never optimal to u a dominated treatment,becau there is always a more effective and cheaper alternative available.
2.Both ICERs and ACERs compare two drugs on the basis of both cost and
medical efficacy.
feel的过去式
FALSE.An ICER(incremental cost effectiveness ratio)is ud to compare two treatments,but an ACER(average cost effectiveness ratio)only makes n in the context of a single treatment compared against a lack of treat-ment.
3.If a medical screening technique is perfect at detecting a dia before it
develops and is able to prevent the dia from occurring,it must be cost effective.
FALSE.The answer depends on how expensive the screening technique is.
If the technique is more expensive than treating the dia in question,it is obviously not cost effective to screen.
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达摩王者荣耀2|Health Economics Answer Key
4.An ICER value indicates which of two treatment options is better.
奖教金FALSE.The ICER by itlf does not indicate which treatment is optimal;it simply indicates exactly ho
薜岳w expensive a health improvement is in mone-tary terms.An ICER is a positive fact about costs and benefits of two differ-ent treatments,not a normative judgment about whether a better treatment is worth the extra cost.
5.The cost effectiveness frontier(CEF)shows the subt of treatment strategies
which are not dominated by any other treatment.
TRUE.The CEF shows a subt of treatment strategies for a condition that are not dominated by any other treatment.Any treatment on the CEF is said to be potentially cost effective.
6.The results of any CEA analysis depend on the perspective taken,but analy-
s from the perspectives of the patient and a social planner will never differ.
FALSE.CEAs from the patient and the social planner might diverge if there is moral hazard induced by insurance coverage,or if a treatment has a positive or negative externality.
7.There are veral survey methods that health rvices rearchers u to mea-
sure quality of life under different dias.
TRUE.Three key estimation measures are the VAS scale,standard gamble, and time trade-off.
8.Medical experts are ideal candidates for providing estimates of the quality
weights associated with various health states.
FALSE.Using medical experts to provide such estimates is appealing be-cau the experts have taken care of many patients with the given disorder and obrved their quality of life.But this method is prone to weigh the con-cerns of doctors over the concerns of patients.For instance,patient comfort may be overlooked in so-called“Delphic”estimates of quality weights.
古诗己亥杂诗
9.Cost-benefit analysis(CBA)allows us to pick an optimal treatment from the
list of potentially cost effective treatments.树之歌教学设计
TRUE.Cost-benefit analysis(CBA)is the process of choosing an optimal treatment among the potentially cost effective ones,given a certain mone-tary value for each unit of health gained.
c Bhattacharya,Hyde&Tu20132
Chapter14|Health Technology Asssment|3 10.The value of statistical life(VSL)is a measure of how much money someone
would be willing to accept in exchange for dying.
FALSE.VSL is derived from measurements of how much people em to value small changes in mortality risk.It is thus a measure of how people value small changes in their risk of death and not how people value certain death.
11.Studies of labor market choices and product purcha decisions infer VSL
from tradeoffs between money and risk.
TRUE.Byfinding the amount of money necessary to compensate people for accepting higher risk,or the amount of money people are willing to pay to reduce risk,rearchers can uncover how much individuals value small changes in the risk of dying.
12.Empirically,VSL estimates vary widely by country,income,age,and gender.
TRUE.There is tremendous variation by country,income,age,and gender.
Richer people,younger people,and women tend to have higher estimated VSL.
13.Cost-benefit analysis is ud to determine which medicines and treatments
U.S.Medicare will cover.惊心动魄的一幕
FALSE.It is illegal for U.S.Medicare to u cost-benefit analysis in its decision-making.
3c Bhattacharya,Hyde&Tu2013
