2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to academic study and extracurricular activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2018年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。化妆工具
道歉信给同学Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions:In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Plea mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not u any of the words in the bank more than once.
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Questions 26 to 35 are bad on the following passage.
In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that 26 in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is bad upon the idea that farmers who’re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of n, it results in many lion deaths that 27 would have been unnecessary. Rearchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.
This idea is bad on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conrvation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the 30 of the protected areas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may em crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conrvation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and 31 —with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.”
Lions are 32 ambush（埋伏）hunters, so when they feel their prey has 33 them, they usually give u
p on the hunt. Rearchers are 34 testing their idea on a lect herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.
Section B
Directions:In this ction, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choo a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through curity, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work ssion in flight, we get nothing done. Even wor, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with（继续处理）the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient（有复原力的）and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we t for ourlves? Bad on our current rearch, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itlf; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himlf through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himlf up off th
e ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Rearch has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and incread incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just becau work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5 pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just relead, rearchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics（工作狂）. The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American wor
分离液态空气kers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S.. Our study will u a large corporate datat from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3 am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower lf-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwi you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard”
requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worns exhau
stion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period ris in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep becau your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s becau rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As rearchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work tting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you l
ie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stresd thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourlf the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to e how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also u apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L]In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but rais your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the re
covery pha. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
手机不读卡36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
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38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increas one’s work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one ems to have stopped working.
41. It is advid that technology be ud to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to e that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
Section C
Directions: T here are 2 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are bad on the following passage.
Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University.
The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.
With this study, rearchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.
They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.
By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at least 8% lower than tho of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.
Although the may not em like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate.
“The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnod with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD）, although some may have had the disorder.
Our findings suggest that even more modest attention dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, who rearch has focud on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties.
Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while tho with higher social acceptance had higher grades.
“This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.
The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help tho with attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the rearchers said.
“We’re learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, lf-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. “If we neglect any of the areas, the child’s development lags. If we attend to the areas, a child’s
success may reinforce itlf with positive feedback loops.”
46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?
A)The contributors to children’s early attention.
B) The predictors of children’s academic success.
C) The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being.
D) The determinants of children’s development of social skills.
47. How did the rearchers ensure that their findings are valid?
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A)By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.
B)By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.
C)By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.
D)By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.
48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?
度小A)Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.
B)There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.
C)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.
D)Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.
49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?
A)They do better academically. B)They are easy to get on with.
C)They are teachers’ favorites. D)They care less about grades.
50. What can we conclude from the Duke study?
A)Children’s success is related to their learning environment.
B)School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.
C)Social skills are playing a key role in children’s development.
D)An all-round approach should be adopted in school education.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are bad on the following passage
On Jan.9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone”—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch.
It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.
As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy?
But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That’s becau, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment.
Rearchers have already begun to u smartphones in social scientific rearch, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in nsors. The studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-bad tasks.
Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, rearchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention—such as an unusual increa in behaviors that signal a period of depression.
Smartphone-bad data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diver groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving the ambitions, providing rich data about everyday
