Designation:D1000–10An American National Standard Standard Test Methods for
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Ud for
Electrical and Electronic Applications1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation D1000;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope*
1.1The test methods cover procedures for testing pressure-nsitive adhesive-coated tapes to be ud as electri-cal insulation.The tapes are classified as follows:
1.1.1Class1—Non-elastomeric backings made from mate-rials such as:
Paper,flat or creped,
Fabric,uncoated or coated,
Cellulo esterfilms,
Polyethylene terephthalate(polyester)films,
Fluorocarbon polymerfilms,
Compositefilamentfilms,
Polyamidefilms,
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Polyimidefilms,and
Combinations thereof.
1.1.2Class2—Elastomeric backings that are characterized by both high stretch and substantial recovery.The backings are made from materials such as:
Vinyl chloride and co-polymers,
Vinylidene chloride and co-polymers,and
Polyethylene and co-polymers.
1.2Test laminates of Class1and Class2backings accord-ing to Class1test methods.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its u.It is the responsibility of the ur of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u.For specific hazards e Section3.
1.4The procedures appear in the ctions indicated below and in alphabetical order:
Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Room Temperature46-53 Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Low Temperatures46-53 Bond Strength After Solvent Immersion110-115 Breaking Strength and Elongation at Room Temperature37-45 Breaking Strength and Elongation at Low Temperatures37-45 Conditioning6-8Curling and Twisting140-146 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage83-90 Effect of Accelerated Aging on High-Temperature Tapes97-103 Flagging66-76 Flammability104-109 Hazards/Precautions3 Insulation Resistance at High Humidity91-96 Length of Tape in a Roll28-36
Oil Resistance116-122 Puncture Resistance123-128 Resistance to Accelerated Aging(Heat and Moisture)129-139 Sampling4 Specimen Preparation5 Thermotting Properties77-82 Thickness21-27 Unwind Force at Room Temperature54-65 Unwind Force at Low Temperatures54-65 Width11-20
N OTE1—The procedures apply to both Class1and Class2tapes except as noted above.
1.5The values stated in SI units are the standard,unless otherwi noted.If a value for measurement is followed by a value in inch-pound or English units in parenthes,the cond value may only be approximate and is for information only. Thefirst stated value is the preferred unit.
N OTE2—The test methods are similar to IEC60454–3,but may differ sometimes in some details.
1.6This is afire–test respon standard.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:2
A167Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate,Sheet,and Strip
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown V oltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D295Test Methods for Varnished Cotton Fabrics Ud for Electrical Insulation
1The test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.07on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved Jan.1,2010.Published February2010.Originally approved in1948.Last previous edition approved in2009as D1000–09.DOI: 10.1520/D1000-10.
2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
变色龙小说*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Dr.,P.O.Box C-700West Conshohocken,Pennsylvania19428-2959,United States
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D3487Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Ud in Electrical Apparatus
D5032Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid-ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2IEC Standard:
IEC60454-3Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes for Electrical Purpos3
3.Hazards
3.1The following specific substances areflammable liq-uids.Do not u them in the vicinity of openflames or electrical contacts:acetone(e50.1and9
4.1),heptane(e 50.1and94.1),and toluene(e70.6).They must be stored in clod containers,and it is imperative to clean apparatus in a well-ventilated area.
3.2As toluene is a toxic substance,u toluene only where adequate ventilation is provided and in such manner as to avoid any absorption through the skin(e70.6).
3.3Warning—It is possible that lethal voltages will be prent when conducting test methods which evaluate electri-cal properties.It is esntial that the test apparatus,and all associated equipment electrically connected to it,be properly designed and installed for safe operation.Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts that any person might come in contact with during the test.Provide means for u,at the completion of any test,to ground any parts which:were at high voltage during the test;have the potential to acquire an induced charge during the test;or have the potential to retain a charge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators in the proper way to conduct tests safely.When making high voltage tests,particularly in compresd gas or
挂科检讨书in oil,it is possible that the energy relead at breakdown will be suffıcient to result infire,explosion,or rupture of the test chamber.Design test equipment,test chambers,and test specimens so as to minimize the possibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personal injury.
SAMPLING
4.Sample and Specimen Requirements
4.1The producer and consumer shall agree upon the num-ber of rolls lected.Unless otherwi specified a minimum of three rolls per lot shall be lected.
4.2For sampling purpos,a lot consists of identifiable materials of the same type,manufactured in one production run and offered for delivery at the same time.
4.3All test methods in this standard are intended to produce
a test value for a single roll.Any reference to averaging of measurements refers to the averaging of measurements on a single roll and not to the average of all sample rolls.
4.4See Table1for a summary of standard requirements for the number of test specimens to lect fro
m each sample roll, the number of test measurements to make per test specimen, and the value to be reported.
4.5Include in every report the complete identification of the tape tested.
SPECIMEN PREPARATION
5.Test Specimen Preparation
5.1Place any roll of tape to test on a freely revolving mandrel.Except for determination of length of tape in a roll, remove and discard a minimum of three layers before remov-ing tape for preparation of test specimens.
5.2Remove sufficient length of tape,at the rate of approxi-mately50mm/s(2in./s),to provide the specimens required for all tests.Cut the tape with a sharp razor blade or scissors, unless otherwi specified.Place the tape on a smooth clean surface,adhesive side up,or suspend it from one end in free air. Protect the adhesive surface from dust.Do not allow the adhesive surface to contact the operator’sfingers or other foreign objects.From this tape material,prepare specimens as required in the individual test methods.See also Table1. 5.3U test specimens that are the width of the tape as
received,if possible.If it is necessary to prepare narrower specimens as prescribed in the test method,u extreme care since hand trimming has the potential to materially affect the test results.Two recommended procedures are(1)to slit the specimen with a sharp razor blade free of nicks while the specimen is held down with a pattern of the desired width,or (2)to slit with mounted parallel sharp razor blades free of nicks to the desired width.
3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25W.43rd St., 4th Floor,New York,NY10036,www.ansi.
TABLE1Testing and Reporting
Test
Sec-
tion
Tests per
Specimen A
Specimens
per Roll A
Report B
Width14,1931avg Thickness2631avg Length of tape in a roll3511value Breaking strength4413avg Elongation4413avg Adhesion strength5213avg Unwind force
Fast rate of removal6411value Slow rate of removal6431avg Flagging
Class1Tape7131avg Class2Tape7513avg Thermotting properties8113avg Dielectric breakdown voltage8933avg Insulation resistance at high humidity9551med Effect of accelerated aging10232avg Flammability10813avg Bond strength after solvent immersion11413avg Oil resistance12114avg Puncture resistance12715avg Resistance to accelerated aging129,13316avg Curling and twisting14013avg A When referee testing is involved,u an average of5determinations wherever
1or3are specified above.
B Minimum and maximum values are also occasionally required when average values are
reported.
CONDITIONING
6.Terminology
6.1Definitions:
6.1.1conditioning,n—the exposure of a material to the influence of a prescribed atmosphere for a stipulated period of time or until a stipulated relation is reached between material and atmosphere.
7.Significance and U
7.1The physical and electrical properties such as adhesion, elongation,breaking strength,and dielectric breakdown will vary with temperature and moisture content.Actual rvice results are influenced by the factors.In order that test methods yield consistent and reproducible results,control the temperature and moisture content of the sample or specimen.
8.Conditioning for Room Temperature Measurements 8.1Condition all rolls of tape for a minimum of24h to a temperature of2365°C(7369°F)before removing specimens for test.
8.2Condition all test specimens for a period of1h in a controlled atmosphere at2365°C(7369°F)and50610% relative humidity prior to testing.
8.3Unless otherwi specified,testing shall be conducted at 2365°C(7369°F)and50610%relative humidity.
8.4For referee testing purpos,subject all sample rolls to
a controlled laboratory temperature of2361°C(73.461.8°F)for a minimum period of24h before removing specimens for test.
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8.5Unless otherwi specified,condition all referee test specimens for a period of1h in a controlled laboratory atmosphere at2361°C(73.461.8°F)and5062%relative humidity.
8.6Unless otherwi specified,referee testing shall be conducted at2361°C(73.461.8°F)and5062%relative humidity.
9.Conditioning for Low Temperature Measurements
9.1Elastomeric backings of Class2tapes have the potential to be subject to cold temperature tests.Condition elastomeric backings of Class2tapes for cold temperature tests by placing prepared specimens or rolls of tape in a cold room for at least 2h at the desired temperature(example temperatures:10°C,0°C,-10°C,-18°C).
10.Apparatus for Low Temperature Conditioning
10.1Cold room or cold chamber capable of maintaining the desired cold temperatures during testing.
WIDTH OF TAPE
Method A—Steel Ruler
11.Apparatus
11.1A steel scale having divisions at0.5mm or1⁄64-in. intervals.12.Test Specimens
12.1Select test specimens of approximately450mm(18-in.)lengths of tape taken from each sample roll in accordance with5.2and conditioned in accordance with Section8.
13.Procedure
13.1Place the test specimen,after conditioning,without tension or pressure,adhesive side down on a hard smooth surface.Measure the width perpendicular to the edge with the steel scale at three approximately equally-spaced points along the length.
14.Report
14.1Report the average width in millimetres or inches,plus the maximum and minimum,if specified.
15.Precision and Bias
15.1This test method has been in u for many years,but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is planned to develop such a statement.
15.2This test method has no bias becau the value for width is defined in terms of this test method.
Method B—Caliper
16.Apparatus
16.1A pair of calipers with a scale length larger than width of the roll of tape,having divisions at0.5-mm or1⁄64-in. intervals.
17.Test Specimen
17.1One roll of tape,conditioned in accordance with Section8.Unless damaged,no outer layers need to be removed.
18.Procedure
18.1The outer turns of the roll must have clean and sharp edges.Discard any damaged or crushed edges.After condi-tioning the roll of tape,place it on a table in a vertical position. Open the jaws of the calipers and slide them over the cut edges of the tape so that the scale shaft is parallel to the table.Clo the caliper jaws slowly so as to just touch the sides of the tape roll.Be careful not to crush the edges and keep the caliper jaws perpendicular to the edges of the tape.Measure the width perpendicular to the edges in mm(in.)to the nearest0.5mm (1⁄64in.)at three approximately equally-spaced points along the circumference of the roll.
19.Report
19.1Report the average width in millimetres or inches,plus the maximum and minimum,if specified.
20.Precision and Bias
20.1This test method has been in u for many years,but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is planned to develop such a statement.
20.2This test method has no bias becau the value for width is defined in terms of this test
method.
THICKNESS
21.Terminology
21.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
21.1.1thickness ,n —the perpendicular distance between the opposite surfaces of pressure-nsitive
adhesive tape as deter-mined in accordance with this test method.
22.Significance and U
22.1The thickness is of value in controlling uniformity and providing design data,as well as for u in determining physical and electrical properties.
23.Apparatus
23.1Thickness Gauge —A dead weight thickness gauge as prescribed in Apparatus C of Test Methods D374,with the following modifications:
23.1.1Presr Foot Diameter —6mm (1⁄4in.).
23.1.2Anvil Diameter —6mm to 50mm (1⁄4to 2in.).23.1.3A weighted presr foot so that the total pressure applied to a specimen is equal to 5065kPa (7.660.5psi).Calibrate the gauge for the actual load exerted by the presr foot.
23.1.3.1Any commercial instrument that satisfies 23.1.3,including a hand-held micrometer,is permissible for the thickness measurement.
24.Test Specimens
24.1In accordance with 5.2and Section 8,prepare and condition specimens of tape of a single thickness a minimum length of 450mm (18in.).Let flexible specimens relax for at least 2min before testing.
25.Procedure
25.1Place the test specimen upon the anvil of the gauge,smoothly,with adhesive side down,but without tension.Lower the presr foot onto the tape gradually to minimize any impact force,allowing it to rest upon the tape for 2s,and then obrve the reading to the nearest 0.0025mm (0.0001in.)of the thickness gauge scale.Make sure no air bubbles are trapped.25.2Take three measurements uniformly distributed over the surface of the test specimen.
26.Report
26.1Report the following information:
26.1.1The average thickness to the nearest 0.0025mm (0.0001in.)plus the maximum and minimum,if specified.27.Precision and Bias
27.1Data obtained from a round-robin investigation on veral types of pressure-nsitive adhesive tape indicate that thickness measurements within a single laboratory can be expected to fall within 65%of the mean value,and that measurements between laboratories can be expected to fall within 610%of the overall mean value.4
27.2A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the unavailability of a standard reference material for this property.
LENGTH OF TAPE IN A ROLL
28.Terminology
28.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
28.1.1length of tape in a roll ,n —the number of linear metres or yards of tape wound into a roll as measured in accordance with the test methods.
29.Significance and U
29.1Measurement of the length of tape in a roll is necessary to ensure receiving correct quantities.
Method A—Balance Method
30.Apparatus
30.1Balance —Two required,one capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1g,the other capable of weighing to 1mg.30.2Steel Rule —Capable of measuring to the nearest 2mm (0.1in.).
31.Test Specimen
31.1A test specimen is a single thickness of pressure-nsitive adhesive tape approximately 1m (3ft)long removed from a full roll of tape as received from the manufacturer.Condition each specimen as described in Section 8.
32.Procedure
32.1Determine the number of rolls to be tested for length in accordance with the schedule described in Section 4.
32.2Remove the core from the roll.Weigh each roll to the nearest 0.1g (Note 3).Remove a specimen of tape approxi-mately 1m (3ft)long from the roll in accordance with the procedure described in Secti
on 5,except DO NOT DISCARD the first three layers.After conditioning,measure the relaxed length of the specimen to the nearest 2mm or 0.1in.and weigh to the nearest mg.
N OTE 3—If it is desired to run additional tests on the tape in the roll,it is permissible to first weigh the roll with the core in place and then subtract the weight of the core after all test specimens are removed.
32.3Calculate the metres per roll as follows:
Metres per roll 5
weight of roll less core 3length of specimen,mm
weight of specimen 31000
(1)32.4Calculate the yards per roll as follows:
Yards per roll 5
weight of roll less core 3length of specimen,in.
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weight of specimen 336
(2)
Method B—Length Sensor Method
33.Apparatus
33.1Length Sensor —A device to measure length by using a benchmarked rotating wheel which rolls,with low torque and contact pressure,against the circumference of the roll as it unwinds.The apparatus includes a spindle for mounting the tape,the length nsor mechanism,and a read-out and rotating
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Rearch Report
RR:D09-1008.
wind-up roll that can be ud to either manually or automati-cally unwind the roll of tape.See Fig.1.
34.Procedure
34.1Determine the number of rolls to be tested for length in accordance with the schedule described in Section 4.U only full rolls of tape.Do not remove any outer layer.
34.2Mount the roll on the shaft adjacent to the nsor.Position the roll and length nsor so that the nsor is in contact with the circumference of the roll and the leading end of the roll is directly under the nsor.Zero the nsor and manually pull the leading edge of the tape and fix it to the wind-up roll.At the start of the unwinding,make sure that the length nsor maintains good contact with the roll and does not slip or bind.After unwinding is completed,take the reading of the length nsor.
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35.Report
35.1Report the following information:
35.1.1The length of tape in each roll to the nearest 0.1m (0.1yd).
36.Precision and Bias
36.1The test methods have been in u for many years,but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is planned to develop such a statement.
36.2The test methods have no bias becau the value for length is defined in terms of the test methods.
BREAKING STRENGTH AND ELONGATION 37.Terminology
37.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
37.1.1breaking strength of pressure-nsitive adhesive tape ,n —the force required,per unit width,to break the tape when tested under prescribed conditions.
37.1.2elongation of pressure-nsitive adhesive tape ,n —the increa in length at break when the tape is tested under prescribed conditions.
37.1.2.1Discussion —In the ca of Class 1tapes,the elongation may include creep in the jaws which is often partially compensated for by “necking”of the specimen.38.Significance and U
38.1Breaking Strength —Breaking strength of tape is im-portant as a measurement of its uniformity,quality,and ability to withstand tensile stress in application and rvice.
38.2Elongation —Elongation of tape is important as a measurement of its uniformity and quality,as well as a rough indication of its ability to conform to contours of uneven surfaces.
38.3In the ca of Class 2tapes,testing at low temperature is necessary to ensure that the tape performs well at cold winter temperatures.
N OTE 4—It is possible that values obtained in dry ice chambers and walk-in cold rooms will not be equivalent.
39.Apparatus
39.1Testing Machine —A testing machine of the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)type is preferred.Equip the machine with a device for recording the tensile load and the amount of paration of the grips (Note 5)such that both of the measuring systems are accurate to 62%of the
breaking load or the amount of paration of the grips.The apparatus must be capable of providing smooth,uniform jaw movement during testing,and the rate adjustable in increments necessary to produce strain rates that are specified for the materials under test.Equip the machine with a load cell with a capacity such that the breaking load of the material under test falls between 10and 90%of the maximum capacity of the load cell.
N OTE 5—A high respon speed in the recording system is desirable,particularly when relatively high strain rates are employed.The speed of pen respon for recorders is supplied by manufacturers of this equipment.Take care to conduct tests at conditions such that respon time (ability of recorder to follow actual load)will produce less than 2%error.
39.2Extension Indicator —A suitable instrument for deter-mining the distance between two fixed points located within the gauge length of the test specimen at any time during the test.It is desirable,but not esntial,that this instrument automatically record this distance as a function of the load on the test specimen,or of the elapd time for the start of the test,or both.If only the latter is obtained,also take load-time data.The extension indicator will usually have a paration of 25mm (1in.)between points and be a minimum of 25mm (1in.)from both the top and bottom jaws.
39.3Holding Fixtures —U holding fixtures of any one of the following types,provided that the fixture does not cut the specimen or cau slippage:
39.3.1Air Jaws —A device that can be fitted with various types of grips that will clamp onto a specimen through lever arms actuated by compresd air cylinders built into the body.The design provides a high gripping force with standard air pressure.Incread air pressure rais the gripping force to accommodate materials that are often difficult to hold in other types of grips.
39.3.2Drum Jaws —Two smooth cylindrical metallic drums,50mm (2in.)in diameter with a minimum length of 38mm (11⁄2in.),suitably marked to aid in proper specimen alignment.
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N OTE 6—While drum jaws are permissible,they are not preferred.The design of drum jaws makes it extremely difficult to identify accurately the gauge length between jaws.
39.3.3Manual Jaws —A device that can be fitted with various types of grips that will clamp onto a specimen through a manually operated
lever.
FIG.1Measuring Device for Determination of Length of Tape in a
Roll (Length Sensor
Method)治疗口腔溃疡最快的方法
