妇产科全英文名词解释和简答（含中文注释）
鸣谢美丽的美丽的和美丽的：O7和阿默
名词解释
妊娠生理
Braxton hicks 收缩the pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation, the braxton hicks contractions, however, are not positive sighs of pregnancy, since similar contractions are sometimes noted in cas of hematometra（宫腔积血）and occasionally with soft myomas, especially the pedunculated submucous variety
面筋汤妊娠诊断
Fetal lie胎产式the term lie refers to the relationship between the long axis(长轴) of the mother and the long axis of the fetus（胎儿）
Fetal prentation胎先露the prenting part is the portion of the fetus that descend first through the birth canal（产道）
正月十五是什么日子
Fetal position胎方位the exact fetal position is determined by the relationship of some definite part of the fetus （the guiding point）to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis（母体骨盆）
Fetal attitude 胎势attitude refers to the relationship of the parts of the fetus to each other
Hegar’s sign 黑格氏征on bimanual examination（双合诊）the isthmus uteri（子宫峡部）feels exceedingly doughy（柔软的）at about 6-8 week after the last period
异常妊娠
Abortion 流产abortion is the termination of a pregnancy before the end of the 28week when the fetus weight lesr than 1000g
Threatened labor 先兆流产Before 28 weeks of gestation showed a small amount of vaginal bleeding, followed by paroxysmal（阵发性）abdominal pain, without rupture of fetal membranes （胎膜）and dilation of cervix, the size of the uterus is consistent with pregnant weeks
Misd abortion 稽留流产when the embryon（胚胎）dies and it is retained in uterus
Habitual abortion 习惯性流产/recurrent abortion（复发性流产）this is defined as 3 or more concutive abortion with the same xual partner
Ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠implantation of the fertilized ovum（受精卵）in a site outside the uterine cavity
妊娠合并内科疾病
HELLP syndrome HELLP 综合征hemolysis(溶血), elevated liver enzymes（肝酶）, and low platelets（血小板）syndrome
进口奶粉真假胎盘与胎膜异常
Placenta previa 前置胎盘the entire placenta or part of it is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper active gment, and located lower than the prenting part of the fetus after 28 week
Placenta abruption 胎盘早剥partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the uterine wall before delivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 week’s gestation
Uteroplacental apoplexy(couvelaire uterus) 子宫胎盘卒中hemorrhage infiltrates
（浸润）the uterine wall. Making it appears purlish ecchymosis,（青紫瘀斑）muscle bundles disrupted and degenerated, then uterus loss its contractile power,
（收缩力）resulting in postpartum hemorrhege
产前检查与孕期保健
生活的准则
OCT or CST (orytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress test) 缩宫素激惹试验measuring the FHR respon to the stress of spontaneous or oxytocin（催产素）induced contraction (UC) forms to basis of this test of fetal placental rerve OCT
positive: recurrent (at least two) late deceleration of the FHR, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the contraction and returning to the baline after the contraction subsides, in addition, the amplitude（振幅）and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying Negative: at least 3 contractions in 10 minutes, and each lasting at least 40 conds, the FHR are obrved without late deceleration, a negative test within a weak of delivery provided reliable assurance that the fetus will survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery well
公假
NST (nor-stress test)无应激试验
可爱的英文名字NST is a test for obrving and recording rerve of fetus without any external stimulation and uterine contraction(子宫收缩）Divided into reactive NST,dubious NST,non-reactive NST
女子防身
Reactive:the Fad must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more FADs per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 conds and more than
15bpm amplitude
Non-reactive: this classification includes no fetal activity either spontaneously oneously or with stimulation, and no demonsthable FHR change in respon to stimulation
正常分娩
Mechanism of normal labor 分娩机制the mechanism of labor is a term applied to the ries of changes in the attitude and position of the fetus that permits it to progress through the irregular shaped pelvic cavity青春依旧
Engagement 衔接the mechanism by which the biparietal diameter（双顶径）, the greatest transver diamete of the head in vertex prentation（顶先露）,pass through the pelvic inlet is designated engagement, a phenomenon that usually occurs in primigravidas with normal pelves （
骨盆）during the last few weeks of pregnancy but does not ordinarily take place in multiparas until after the commencement of labor
Internal rotation 内旋转this movement is a turning of the head in such a manner that the occiput（枕骨）moves anteriorly around the The longitudinal axis of the pelvis（骨盆纵轴）making the interparietal suture（矢状缝）consistent with the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis and pelvis outlet（骨盆以及骨盆出口的前后径）
Ont and diagnosis of labor 临产诊断the contractions of labor occur regularly and usually increa until they recur every 5 to 6 minutes and last from 30 to 40 conds, which cau progressive effacement （消失）and dilatation of the cervix, and descent of the prenting part（胎先露部）
Physiologic retraction ring 生理性缩复环as a result of the thining of the lower
uterine gment and the thicking of the upper. The boundary between them is marked by a ridge（隆起）on the inner uterine surface, the ridge is called the physiologic retraction ring
Signs of paration of placenta 胎盘剥离征象1.the rising up of the uterus as a small firmly contracted mass，to a level above the umbilicus（脐）2. Lengthening of the cord（脐带）3. A small amount of vaginal action upwards of the fundus（宫底）fails to draw the cord up with it
Retained placenta 胎盘滞留the placenta which retained in the uterine cavity for more than 30 minutes is called retained placenta
异常分娩
Prolonged latent pha 潜伏期延长the time started from regular uterine effacement（子宫收缩）to enter the active pha is longer than 16 hours. Prolonged active pha 活跃期延长after the cervix（宫颈）dilated（扩张）to 3cm,labor progress over slow, the time of active pha lastes over 8 hours. The cervical dilatation progress at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida（初产妇）and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara（经产妇）
Arrested active pha 活跃期停滞the cervical dilatation does not change over 4 hours during the active pha
Protracted cond stage 第二产程延长when the cervix fully dilates the contractions become weak and the intervals prolong, the span of time is over 2 hours in nullipara（初产妇）and over 1 hour in multipara（经产妇）, it is called that the cond stage is prolonged
