东财《大学英语1》第一单元课堂笔记
Unit 1 wanting to find success!
讲解:
1.“no matter + 疑问词”为状语从句,表示“无论……”、“不管……”。可与之连用的疑问词有what, when, who,
how, where等。但不包括why。
呼嚎1)No matter who you are, you have to obey the law.(不管你是什么人都要服从法律。)
2)No matter where you go, I will follow you.(无论你去往哪里我都跟随你。)
3)No matter when they come back, I will wait for them.(无论他们什么时候回来我都等。)
<为动词和系动词,后接to be+形容词、to be+名词或动词不定式,其中to be+形容词结构的to be可以
省略。
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1)He ems (to be) unhappy.(他似乎不高兴。)
2)He emed to know the cret.(他好像知道这个秘密。)
3.figure out:计算出, 解决, 领会到,弄明白。
1)We must figure out how to solve the problem.(我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。)
2)I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglass was.(我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。)
4.this thing called:在这个短语中,called是过去分词,做thing的后置定语。英语中的名词后面可以跟短语
做后置定语,后置定语有四种形式:
一、介词短语。例如:the man in a black suit(穿黑衣服的男人).年化收益计算
二、非谓语形式,包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。
例如:the fruit sold in the market(在市场上出售的水果);
the fruit to buy(要买的水果); the man walking in the street在街上走路的男人).
三、定语从句。例如:the hou that I bought last week(我上个星期买的房子).
四、某些具有特殊用法的形容词比如某些以字母a开始的形容词像alive,asleep等必须放在名词后面做定
语。例如:the man alive, the baby asleep ,其中定语从句可以简化为分词短语,当定语从句谓语动作表示主动时,将谓语改为现在分词;当定语从句谓语动作表示被动时,用过去分词。这种简化只保留谓语动词,去掉所有的助动词。此处的this thing called的完整形式是this thing which is called,经过简化就成了剩下了过去分词called。
5.as long as 等于so long as , 意思是“只要……”,后接从句
You may borrow this book as long as you promi to give it back.(只要你答应归还,你就可以把这书借走。)6.have a good idea of:非常清楚。have idea 的意思是“知道”。
1)Do you have any idea of his coming?(你知道他要来吗?)
2)I have no idea of his coming.(我不知道他要来。)
3)I have no idea that he is coming. (我不知道他要来。)
7. a hotel to stay at(下榻的宾馆)= to stay at a hotela hou to live in(居住的房子)= to live in a hou
在这个短语中跟了个介词in。地点和范围名词的后置定语为不及物动词时往往需要介词,介词的使用取决于动词与名词的搭配。
I need someone to work with.(我需要一个与之共事的人。)= I need to work with someone.The work to which he
was devoted won high prai.(他所为之奉献的工作获得高度赞扬。)
8.picture …as:把……描绘成,把……想像成。
1)It is hard to picture life 200 years ago.(很难想象200年前人们的生活。)
2) She pictured herlf at school in a foreign country.(她想象自己在国外上学。)
9.the list can go on forever: 此句的意思是“等等”。英语中表示这个意思的有:etc. and so on and so forth and
everything
<: 明白,了解
1)Do you get this question?(你明白这个问题吗)
2)Got it?(明白了吗?)Got it.(明白了。)
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赞美自己的句子11.as:常用的意思有:由于,当……时,随着,正如,虽然,作为。在句子中既可以作连词又可以作介词。
12.在know和wonder后面常常使用if/whether连接句子。二者的区别是:if后面不能接or not,而whether则
可以与or not 连用。
1)I don’t know whether he agrees or not.(我不知道他是否同意。)
2)I wonder if you could help me.(不知你能否帮助我。)
13.虚拟语气。有三种形式:
1)与现在事实相反的假设:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+动词原形。
例如:If I were you, I would not do it.(如果我是你的话,我就不会这样做的。)
2)与过去事实相反的假设:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+现在完成时。
例如:If I had had his address, I would have visited her(如果我有了他的地址,我是会看她的。)
If it should snow tomorrow, I would go skiing(如果明天下雪,我就去滑雪。)
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
3)与将来事实相反的假设:从句用should (were to) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might)+动词原形。
14.this type of 的意思是“这种”,相当于this kind of, this sort of。
15.build on: 建立于; 根据;依赖。
谅解书
1)His argument is built on facts.(他的论点是以事实为依据的。)
2)We should develop national economy by building on the development of agriculture.(我们要在发展农业的基础上发展国民经济。)
Don’t spend in excess of your income.(花销不要超过收入。)
17.在debt-free这个词语中,free表示“免除”“不受……约束”“不含”“不受…影响”,常与名词构成合成词,
放在名词的后面作为形容词。
tax free 免税
alt free 不含盐的
worry-free 无忧无虑的
lead-free petrol 无铅汽油
< becau…but becau:not…, but…是英语的一种句型,意思是“不是…而是…”,“not becau…but
becau…”意思是“不是因为……而是因为……”。
We don’t give the job to you, not becau we don’t trust you, but becau you are inexperienced.(我们不把这份工作交给你,不是因为不信任你,而是因为你缺乏经验。)
语能够执行分词动作时,使用现在分词,当主语不能主动发出该动作时,使用过去分词。也就是说,分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
1)Seen from space, the earth looks like a blue ball.(从太空看,地球象个蓝色球。)
2)Holding a fan in his hand, he lay on the sofa, relaxing himlf. (他手握扇子,躺在沙发上放松。)
20. a few修饰可数名词,表示肯定意义,few则表示否定意义。其对应的词语为 a little和little,他们修饰
不可数名词。
(允许), appreciate(感谢), consider(考虑), delay(延误、耽搁), deny(否认), dislike(不喜欢), escape (逃脱、逃避), excu(宽恕、原谅), feel like(很想,真想), finish(结束), forbid(禁止), forgive(宽恕、原谅、饶恕), imagine(想象), involve(涉及、包含), mind(在乎、介意), miss(错过、误了), permit (允许), postpone(推迟、拖延), practice(练习), prevent(阻止), propo(提议), risk(冒险), give up(放弃), can’t help(不禁), suggest(建议)。
自然美景
22.Achieve my dream working there: working前面省掉了介词by。动词加by加动名词短语是英语的一种句式,
其中by短语可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。
He earned money by working part time in KFC.(他在肯德基做兼职工作赚钱。)
23.having在此处的用法前面已经说过,表示前提,相当于when I had a list of jobs that would fill this page.
a list of: 一系列的,一连串的。
1)They made a list of requests.(他们提出了一系列的要求。)
2)I must make a list of things to buy.(我得列个购物单。)
24.look back: 回顾,停滞不前。
1)Let’s look back on the past and look to the future.(让我们回顾过去,展望未来。)
macfee2)I like to look back on my high-school days, which were the happiest in my life.(我喜欢回顾我的中学时代, 那是我生命中最快乐的时光。)
1)He realized his mistake.(他认识了自己的过错)
2)The man laughed when he realized what had happened.(当那个人意识到是怎么回事时,便笑了起来。)3)The personnel manager doesn't em to realize the immediacy of the problem.(人事部长似乎还没有意识到这个问题的紧迫性。)
< have a job you enjoy: 动词不定式放在句首表示目的。
To be able to travel, he keeps saving money.(为了能够旅行,他不断地攒钱。)
27.look forward to的意思是“盼望”、“期待”。此处work是名词。英语中有一些含有介词to固定搭配,后接
名词和动名词,这些搭配包括:look forward to(盼望), be devoted to(献身于,投身于), be committed to (承诺、致力于), be oppod to(反对), object to(反对)。
1)I’m looking forward to eing you in the near future.(盼望在不远的将来见到你。)
2)He is devoted to developing rural education.(他献身于发展农村教育。)
3)China is committed to maintaining world peace.(中国致力于维护世界和平。)
4)He is oppod to purchasing another TV t.(他反对再购买一台电视机。)
28.a third of: 三分之一。英语中分数的表达法为“基数词+序数词”,当基数词大于2时,序数词用复数,例如
two thirds(三分之二)。分数做定语修饰名词时,单复数的使用取决于名词。
29.be able to: 能够。able与capable的区别是,able后接动词不定式,capable后接of doing。
1)She is able to swim 1000 meters.(她能够游1000米。)
2)She is capable of swimming 1000 meters. (她能够游1000米。)
31.matter在此处是动词,意思是“重要”、“有关系”。
1)It doesn't matter if I miss this bus. I can walk.(如果我错过了公共汽车不要紧,我可以步行。)
2)It doesn't matter if you are late.(你如果迟到也没关系。)
3)What matters is your support. (重要的是你的支持。)
32.among的意思是“在……之间”,用于三者以上。
They divided the task among them.(他们之间对任务进行了分配。)
33.keep: 保持,坚持。后面的接续方法有三种:
1)后接动名词,例如:keep learning;
2)后接形容词,例如:keep healthy;
3)后接宾语+宾语补足语,例如:keep me happy, keep me in the dark。
34.be burnt out: 精疲力竭的意思。
1)You must not burn yourlf out in a blaze of energy.(你可别一个劲儿地干,把自己累垮了。)
2)Stop working so hard –you'll burn yourlf out.(不要这样拼命地,你会累坏了的。)
35.by the time I graduate high school: by+时间名词的用法:当by后接将来时间时,主句谓语往往使用将来完成
时,当by后接过去时间时,主句谓语使用过去完成时。
1)By the end of this month, we will have built two bridges.(截止这个月底,我们将修建两座大桥。)
2)By the end of last month, we had built two bridges. (截止上个月底,我们已经修建了两座大桥。)
36.anymore:当用作副词时合起来书写。当做宾语或定语时分开书写。
1)We promid not to quarrel anymore.(我们答应再也不争吵了。)
2)I don’t want to eat any more meat.(我不想再多吃肉了。)
3)I don’t want to drink any more.(我不想再多喝了。)
37.prove: 证明(是)。当后面跟不定式to be+名词或形容词时,可以将to be省掉。
1)His suggestion proved (to be) practical.(他的建议证明是切实可行的。)
2)She proved herlf (to be) a qualified cretary.(她证明了自己是个合格的秘书。)
38.practice: 练习、实践。当用作动词时,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词不定式。
You should practice writing English.(你应该练习英文写作。)
39.quit的意思是“放弃”,后接名词和动名词。
1)She quit her job last week.(她上周辞去了工作。)
2)I have quit smoking.(我已经戒烟了。)
quit是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词都是quit