1.What is language?
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.
“Language is man’s way of communication with his fellow man and. It is language alone which parate him from the lower animals”
2.What is linguistics?
Generally speaking, linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language. To be more exact, linguistics studies the general principles upon which languages are constructed and operate as systems of human communication.
4. What is lexicology?
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, structure, formation, meaning and usage. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words.
5. What is the Vocabulary?
Broadly speaking, all the words in a language together constitute what is known as vocabulary. The term vocabulary usually refers to a complete inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phras ud in the variants of a language, such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. There is a total English vocabulary of more than 1 million.
11. What Is a Word?
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。
A word can be defined the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be ud independently
14. What is a morpheme(词素)?
The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.
We can difine morpheme in this way, the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit which can not be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.易京之战
15. 辛苦你了 What is a allomorph (形位变体，词[语]素变体）
16. Free morphemes(自由词素）：
Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themlves and can be ud as free grammatical units in ntences. A free morpheme is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itlf, in the traditional n.
17. Bound morphemes(粘附词素): 霍兰德测试免费版
Morphemes that can not occur as parate words. It can not stand by itlf as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. Unlike free morphemes, they do not have independent mantic meaning; instead, they have attached meaning or grammatical meaning.
18. Root (or root morphemes) : 微微一笑很倾城第二部
the basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word. That is to say, it is the part of the word left, whether free or bound, when all the affixes are removed. It carries the main component of meaning in a word.
19. Free root:
In English many roots are free morphemes, such as boy, moon, walk, black ( i.e. they can stand alone as words).
20. Bound roots:
Quite a number of roots derived from foreign sources, esp. from Greek and Latin, belong to the class of bound morphemes.
A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.
21. Affixes(词缀):
Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes.
人体艺术欣赏22. Inflectional affixes (inflectional morphemes)曲折词缀: —— 不改变词义
Affix attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. The inflectional affix does not form a new word with a new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. Nor does it change the wor
d-class of the word to which it is affixed. It just adds some grammatical information to the word.
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23. Derivational affixes (derivational morphemes): ——改变词义
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They are so called becau when they are added to another morpheme, they "derive" a new word. If a morpheme can change the meaning or the word class, or both the meaning and word class of a word, it is a derivational morpheme.
25. root (词根)
" A root (词根) is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. It is that part of a word-form that remains when all the inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed. A root is the basic part always prent in a lexeme." (Bauer 1983:20)
庞德怎么死的26. stem （词干）
" A stem （词干） is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. ... Only Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it: it is the part of the word-form which remains when all the inflectional affixes have been removed,“ A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added.
