2021年高考真题角度分析阅读长难句
1. When Sarah returned to her car, rather than finding a parking ticket, she surpridly discovered a hand-written note, saying that they had “sweet talked" the traffic warden into not giving her a ticket. （2021四川成都高新区二次质检）
语法：(1) …rather than finding a parking ticket, 此处为介词短语做结果状。意思为“而不是；没有”，相当于instead of。(2) …saying that they had “sweet talked" the traffic warden into not giving her a ticket. 此处saying属于doing做后置定语来修饰note。
衬托与对比的区别词汇：(1) rather than=instead of 而不是(2) hand-written adj. 手写的
翻译：莎拉回到车里，没有发现停车罚单，而是意外地发现了一张手写的纸条，上面说他们“甜言蜜语”地劝说交通管理员不给她开罚单。2. The note she found on her car when she returned made sure a difficult day was made just a little bit easier. （2021四川成都高新区二次质检）南京财经学院
语法：(1) 整句话的主干在the note made sure (that)…，此处make sure后为省略引导词的宾
语从句。(2) The note she found on her car…, 此处she found on her car也是省略引导词的定语从句来修饰note。
词汇：(1) made sure 确保(2) make sth +adj/n. 使得…如何
翻译：她回来时在车上发现的字条让艰难的一天变得轻松一点。
3. The rearchers found that participants in the waitlist control group didn't change their personality traits during the one-month waiting period, but participants who received the intervention reported changes in the desired direction.（2021河南九师联盟4月联考）
语法：(1) …participants in the waitlist control group…其中in the waitlist control group是介词短语做后置定语修饰participants。(2) …participants who received the intervention reported changes…其中who引导定语从句修饰participant。
词汇：(1) participants n. 参与人员(2) personality traits 性格特征(3) intervention n. 干预
翻译：研究人员发现，等待名单对照组的参与者在一个月的等待期内没有改变他们的个性特征，但接受干预的参与者报告说他们的个性特征朝着期望的方向改变。蒋巷
星蛋
4. While apps could be ud to promote personality change, mental health expert Karen Peters warns, it's important to remember they are there for support and not as a substitute for an individual's change. （2021河南九师联盟4月联考）
语法：(1) While apps could be ud to promote personality change, 此处while表示“虽然”，属于连词。(2) …it's important to remember they are there for support and not as a substitute for an individual's change. 这句话可以看做是warn的宾语从句，而且此句中有一个remember引导的省略引导词的宾语从句。
词汇：(1) promote v. 促进；改善(2) substitute n. 替代品
翻译：心理健康专家凯伦·彼得斯警告说，虽然应用程序可以用来促进个性改变，但重要的是要记住，它们是为了支持个人改变而存在的，而不是作为个人改变的替代品。
5. Sensors t in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.（2021四川成都二次诊断）
语法：(1) Sensors t in soft, artificial skin…此处t in soft, artificial skin属于done做后置定语修饰nsor，t和nsor构成被动关系。(2) …that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike…此处that引导定语从句修饰nsor。(3) …that can then signal emotions,此处that引导定语从句修饰robot。(4) 整体结构可以看做是倒装结构，把report的宾语直接放于句首。而宾语部分的主干是Sensors have been hooked up to a robot。
仰卧起坐的作用与功效
词汇：(1) artificial adj. 人工的(2) strike v. 袭击；罢工(3) hook v. 连接(4) association n. 协会
洗爱车
翻译：2月15日，Asada在美国科学进步协会年度会议上报道，一种安装在柔软的人造皮肤上的传感器，既能检测到轻柔的触摸，也能检测到疼痛的打击，它已经连接到一个机器人上，这样机器人可以发出情感信号。
6. Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead to robots that can recognize the pain of others, a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, for instance. （2021四川成都二次诊断）草原防火条例
语法：(1) …Asada says,这里属于插入结构，翻译时提前即可。(2) …that can recognize the pain of others…此处that定语从句修饰robots。(3) …a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, for instance.此处整体属于同位语结构，对前面的recognize the pain of others,（识别他人痛苦）进行补充说明。(4) …designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, 此处designed属于done做后置定语修饰robots，并且是被动关系。
词汇：(1) ultimately adv. 最终地(2) recognize v. 识别；认可(3) design v. 设计 be designed to 为了(4) the elderly 老年人
翻译：这样的制度。Asada说，也许最终会发明出能够识别他人痛苦的机器人，这是机器人的一项宝贵技能，旨在帮助照顾需要帮助的人，例如老年人。
7. But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute an internal feeling accurately, says Damasio, a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California. （2021四川成都二次诊断）
毛毛虫实验
语法：(1) 整句直接引语的部分的主干不好把握，应该是there is an important distinction between a robot and a robot.而两处的robot后面各自有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰robot。(2) 整体结构属于倒装，即把直接引语放到句首。(3) …a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California.此处整体属于同位语，对Damasio的身份进行解释说明。
词汇：(1) distinction n. 区别 distinct v. 区分(2) predictable adj. 可预测的(3) respond v. 对…做出回复(4) accurately adv. 精准地(5) neuroscientist n. 神经学科学家
翻译：但是，南加州大学的神经科学家达马西奥说：“一个能以一种可预测的方式对痛苦打击做出反应的机器人和一个能准确地计算出一种内在感觉的机器人之间有一个重要的区别”。
