学员姓名： 学科教师： 年 级：高二 辅导科目：英语 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
授课日期 | 时间 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
主题 | 第1讲让步状语从句及目的状语从句 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
学习目标 | 1.掌握让步状语从句及目的状语从句的常用连接词； 2.熟练让步状语从句重点连接词。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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1、上次课后稳固作业复习； 2、互动探索 教学建议： 1. 用例句和图片内容引导学生理解让步状语从句和目的状语从句 的概念。 2. 鼓励学生做最简单的让步状语从句和目的状语从句的造句。
通过这个小例子 ,让学生体会何为让步状语从句 ,汉语是为了更好地帮助学生理解。下面的例句和图片是结合到一起的 ,加深学生的印象。
让步状语从句和目的状语从句的根本概念和用法 让步状语从句 【知识梳理1】让步状语从句的引导词 1〕Though和although: 都表示“尽管…〞的意思 批注：两者都当虽然讲 ,但从以上两个例句来看 ,两者且都可以与yet/still连用 ,但是不能与but连用。 注意： although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多；though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 2〕as意为“虽然 ,尽管……〞 Eg. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early. Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he…. 注意： 1. 名词提句首时 ,不加冠词： e.g：Teacher as he is ,he likes Chine very much 2. though还可以用作副词 ,放在句末。如： e.gIt was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it. 3〕ever if, even though. 即使 e.gWe’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4〕whatever , whoever , wherever , whenever , however等引导意为“无论…… ,都……〞 e.g. No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 【例题精讲】 例1.Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so 【参考答案】B 【思路解析】句意为：尽管我很费力才将他叫醒 ,但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。金碧辉煌Although引导让步状语 从句。 例2.______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. 小狐狸狗A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 【参考答案】A 【思路解析】根据句意, 引导让步状语从句。应选A。 例3.T____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 【参考答案】B 【思路解析】As作引导让步状语从句的连词时, 从句中的表语要提到as之前。如果表语是单数可数名词, 名词前的不定冠词要省去。【答案】B。 例4.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with. A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever 【参考答案】C 【思路解析】句意为“我们不管是跟谁握手的时候 ,我们常常将手套取下 ,以示尊敬。〞shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手〞 ,本句中with后缺少宾语 ,结合句意选C项 ,whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。 例5.______the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A.If B.While C.Becau D.As 【参考答案】B 【思路解析】句意为：尽管因特网是很有帮助的, 但我认为在网络上花费太多的时间不是个好主意。While 引导让步状语从句, 意为“尽管〞。 【稳固练习】 一、选择最正确答案。 1. , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 2.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever 3. , I have never en anyone who's as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much 4. —Dad, I've finished my assignment. —Good, andyou play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 5.If that idea is wrong, the project is bound to fail,good all the other ideas might be. A. whatever B. though C. whatsoever D. however 6. , I have never read any article as good as this one. A. As i have read much B. Now that I have read so much C. Much as I have read D. As I have read so much 7. we want to help each other, we should point out each other's shortcomings. A. Now that B. Although C. Unless D. When 8.—Did you enjoy yourlf at the party? —Yes,I didn't know anybody. A. even B. even though C. as if D. as though 9. difficulties we meet, we will always keep on trying to do our best. A. How B. However C. What D. Whatever 10. NaughtyTom is, he is never latehis homework. A. as; for B. though; with C. that; by D. while; with 11. The landowners in India would not vote to lo their land and wealth,it resulted a fairer society. A. whether; of B. even though; of C. as if; in D. even if; in 12. No matter how, he couldn't do any better. A. he worked hard B. hard he worked C. hardly he worked D. he worked hardly 13. My father doesn't want to buy a car now,he needs one in fact. A. but B. so C. becau D. though 14.Shanghai many times, but he still doesn't know the city very well. A. He has been to B. He has gone to C. Though he has been to D. Having been to 15.life in a poor country can be difficult, it can broaden a person's view of the world. A. If B. Although C. Becau D. When 16.it is that you've found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to. A. That B. Becau C. Whatever D. However 17. He gave up the hope of passing the examinationhe had already failed it twice. A. unless B. if C. since D. until 18.as he is, he has rich experience in teaching. A. The young B. The young man C. A young man D. Young man 19. Rod is determined to get a at for the concertit means standing in a queue all night. A. as if B. provided C. even if D. whatever 20. The engineers are going on with their highway project, the expens have rin. A. even though B. just becau C. now that D. as though Keys:春节写话 1-5DCCBD 6-10 CABDB 11-15 DBDAB 16-20 CCDCA 二、语法填空。 1. _____his 1-year-old smart phone still works perfectly, he feels the need to replace it.(2019闵行一模) 2. ______ he was tired after the daily hard work, Mo Yan was hungry for books. (2019杨浦一模〕 3. ______ ______ the volunteers have to consider their own problems, they are still encouraged by the spirit.〔2019崇明二模〕 4.I_____ cell phones bring convenience to us in our daily life, they have also caud many social problems. (虹口区) 5. Despite his poor health, he continued his rearch to light up his future.. 6.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. 7._________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. 8.There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery______another man, also intelligent, fails. 9._____ hard you try, it is difficult to lo weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 10.regular exerci is very important, it’s never a good idea to exerci too clo to bedtime. Keys: 1.Although; 2.Although; 3. Even if; 4.While; 5. Despite ; 6. wherever; 7. Whenever; 8. while; 9. However; 10. Although; 认识的字 三、翻译以下句子。 1. 虽然经理尽力想挽留他 ,但看来他去意已决。〔em〕14(浦东二模) 2. 无论任务多么艰巨 ,我们都要不遗余力地完成。〔However〕(14徐汇一模) 3. 尽管水果富含维生素 ,急迫想减肥的女士们也不应该用水果来代替营养均衡的正餐。(rich) (14闸北一模) 4. 即使我无法衡量我多擅长某事 ,我也会养成一些好习惯 ,以充分发挥自己的潜能。(realize) (14浦东一模) 5. 尽管山高林密 ,医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点 ,实施援救。〔despite〕平行结转分步法 Keys: 1. Though the manager tried to persuade him to stay, he emed to have decided to leave. 2. However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it. 3. Although fruits are rich in vitamins, ladies who are anxious to lo weight can’t replace well-balanced meals with fruits. 4. Even though I am unable to measure how good I am at something, I can develop habits to realize my potential fully/to the full. 5. Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurs rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue. 目的状语从句 【知识梳理1】目的状语从句常见引导词 1〕in order that 为了 ,目的是 e.g.: I lent him $ 50 in order that he could go for a holiday. 2〕so that 新年的来历e.gEveryone lent a hand, so that the sowing was done in time. 3) for fear that 恐怕 e.g.: He is working hard for fear (that) he should fail. 批注：生怕某种不好的事会发生 ,后面常用虚拟语气 ,但假设表示可能实现或可能发生的事 ,也可不用虚拟语气。 4〕in ca以防 e.g.: He will come to the office in ca he is wanted. e.g.: I shall stay in the hotel all day in ca there is news of Harry. e.g.: He left early in ca he should miss the train. 批注：in ca后面接从句不需要加that等引导词。 5〕lest 以防 ,为了不 e.g.: She came into the room quietly lest she (should) wake up her baby. 批注：表示否认目的 ,后常用“〔should〕+ 动词原形〞。 注意： 1. 由in ca , for fear that, lest(以防)引导的状语从句中 ,动词可以用虚拟语气 ,形式为should +动词原形 ,也可以不用 ,用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。 2. 由in order that 和in ca 引导的目的状语从句可以置于句首或句中。由so that 引导的目的状语从句一般只能置于句中。 3. “ for +动名词〞不用于表目的 ,但“for +名词〞可用于表目的。 【例题精讲】 例1. Pop music is such an important part of society ________it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 【参考答案】：B 【思路解析】流行音乐是我们社会的那么重要的一局部以至于已经影响了我们的语言。这说明流行音乐 带来的结果 ,本句是结果状语从句。结果状语从句的连词有：so that ,so…that ,such…that.结果状语放 在主句之后。注意：在so…that ,such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。 在so…as ,such…as这一结构中 ,as引导定语从句 ,在句中做成分 例2.I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea. A.as soon as B.as a result C.in ca D.so that 【参考答案】D 【思路解析】句意为：我早到20分钟的目的是能有时间喝点茶。as soon as一……就……, 引导时间状语 从句；as a result结果；in ca以免, 万一〔发生……〕。故【答案】为so that。 例3.John may phone again tonight. I don't want to go outhe phones. A. as long as B. in order that C. in ca D. so that 【参考答案】C 【思路解析】句意为：我不想出门以防万一他打 。 例4.The couple constantly warned them not to play near the river______ unexpected things happened. A. in ca ofB. despiteC.in order thatD. for fear that 【参考答案】 D 【思路解析】for fear that后接句子 ,表示唯恐。 【稳固练习】 一、翻译以下句子。 1. 万一家具在大火中毁掉了 ,保险公司是否会支付所有的损失？(in ca) (14闸北一模) 2. 如今很多蔬菜种植在温室里而不是菜园里 ,为的是不受风雨和昆虫的侵害。(so that) (12浦东一模) 3. 为了能陪伴孩子度过珍贵的童年时期 ,许多妈妈放弃了前景良好的职业生涯。〔give up〕 4. 为了保持健康 ,我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To…) 5. 现在世界上越来越多的国家正采取措施来吸引更多的中国游客。(attract) Keys: 1. Will the insurance company pay for all the damages in ca the furniture is destroyed in the fire? 2. Today many vegetables are grown/planted not in gardens but in greenhous so that they can be protected from/ against wind, rain and incts. 3. In order to accompany their kids through the precious childhood, many mothers have given up their work career of promising prospect. 4. To keep fit, we often take part in physical exerci. 5. More and more countries in the world are now taking measures to attract more Chine tourists. 此环节教案预期时间20〔练题〕+15〔互动讲解〕分钟。 教学建议： 1．规定学生必须在20分钟内完成； 2．相互交换批改 ,表扬正确率最高的学生； 3．做对的学生给做错的学生讲题； 4．让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。 一．语法新题型。 1.Plea call my cretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_________ it is convenient to you. 2. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive. 3. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up. 4. ________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chon for the post. 5. He had his camera ready _____ _____he saw something that would make a good picture. 6. _____ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. 7. I took my driving licen with me on holiday, _____ _____ I wanted to hire a car. 8. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. 9. _______ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 10. There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery______another man, also intelligent, fails. Keys: 1. 同事退休祝福语whenever 2.though 3. although 4. While 5. in ca6. While 7. in ca 8. Whenever 9. Although 10. while (B) ____1___ Neil Armstrong ever t foot on the lunar surface, exploration of the Moon was already underway. Space probes, such as orbiters and landers, had already been conducting scientific rearch years 2 the first humans landed there. Today, robots and automated experiments are capable of making incredible contributions to scientific rearch in space. So, why do we need human beings up there,anyway? There are veral good answers to that question. 3 machines are capable of doing an amazing number of things today, there are still many things they can’t do. 4 astronauts go into space, they can bring special tools with them, not to mention human hands and the human mind. Of the importance of having people in space, astronaut Fred Leslie, once said, “People bring with them a certain experience in dealing with the unexpected.〞 5 an unanticipated problem aris, nothing is as good 6 human intelligence for figuring out how to solve it. One advantage of having humans in space is 7 they can improve and repair equipment__8 machines can’t. For example, visit to the Hubble Space Telescope have allowed new scientific instruments to be installed on the orbiting obrvatory, 9 have greatly incread its productivity by allowing it to “e’ up to 10 times better than it ud to be. Another advantage of having people in space is 10 we can better understand human biology by studying the effects micro-gravity has on the human body. Lots of rearch have already been conducted on 11 space flight affects different parts of human body. This rearch helps rearchers prepare for improvements to human space flight in the future and is helping them to stay healthy 12 they are in space and 13 they return to the Earth. Someday, people will go on even longer space missions 14__ they travel beyond the Earth orbit. 1.Before 2.before 3.While 4.When 5.When 6.as 7. That 8.that/which 9.which 10.that 11.how 12.while 13.when 14.as 二．翻译： 1. 虽然大家对整容的看法在某种程度上已有所转变 ,但必须成认它带来的风险。〔Although〕(11徐汇二模) 2. 与第二代产品相比 ,虽然ipad3外观没有太大的变化 ,但功能得到了较大的提升。(though) (12二模) 3. 网上购物虽然便捷 ,但个人信息的平安问题不容无视。(while) (12二模) 4. 尽管天气不好 ,我们盼望的运动会仍将按原定方案举行。 (despite) 5. 尽管在保证食品平安方面我们已经采取了许多措施 ,但还有很多问题需要解决。(measure) Keys: 1. Although people’s view on cosmetic surgery has changed to some extent, we must acknowledge that risk goes with it/ there is risk. 2. Compared with the cond generation products, though ipad3 differs / changes very little in appearance, the functions have been considerably improved. 3. While online shopping is convenient, the curity/ safety of personal information can’t be ignored/ neglected/ overlooked. 4. Despite the bad weather, the sports meet we are looking forward to will be held as planned. 5. Although/Though we have taken a lot of measures to ensure food safety, there are still many problems to be solved. 1. 规定学生在20分钟内完成； 2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记； 3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生； 4．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题 ,老师进行补充； 5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。 一．语法新题型。 ____1____ a new airliner goes into rvice, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others. In the first test, a modern airliner must fly at very high altitudes. Air must be pumped into the place so ___2____ the pasngers can breathe. The metal structure of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. ____3___ the plane is filled with air, the air press against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure on a small window, for example, is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. ___4____ a small part of the plane were to crack 〔爆裂〕, the plane would explode in the sky. In order to test the structure of the plane, it is lowered into a huge tank of water .Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater ___5____ it ever will be ____6__ it is in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has cracked. In the cond test, the test pilot must find exactly what happens ____7___ all the engines are shut off at once. He takes the plane up very high. Then he shuts the engines off, the plane begins to fall like a stone. it is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. The two tests are examples of how planes are made safe ____8___ they ever carry pasngers. 1. Before 2. that 3. When 4. If 5. than 6. when 7. when 8. before 二．阅读理解。 A Lots of bacteria can grow in the emingly unfriendly environment under glaciers(冰川), a region formerly considered free of much biology. This finding by glaciologists working in Switzerland could help solve some puzzles of the last ice age and point the way for finding life on other planets. Bacteria with odd lifestyles have been under increasing study lately, with most rearch focud on the species which prefer hot homes. The new study shifts attention to the other end of the thermometer(温度计). The exciting thing is the idea of pushing the window of acceptable bacterial environments a little bit farther open. Rearchers have previously collected small numbers of bacteria from ice in Antarctica and Greenland, but they could not determine whether the were active bacteria or just frozen cells blown in by wind. In contrast, the earth beneath two Swiss glaciers harbors large colonies of bacteria—hundreds of millions of cells per gram—that appear to be growing at 0℃. Scientists followed upon the findings by taking samples of ice, water, and earth at two mountain glaciers. They found that earth beneath the glaciers contained much larger populations of bacteria than did surface and inner part of ice. Tho findings indicate that the bacteria were growing at the bottom of the glacier and are not something washed in while the scientists drilled through the ice. Looking at the bacteria under a microscope(显微镜), the rearchers found that many were in the process of dividing, and healthy under the ice. The bacteria might break down minerals and plant remains originally buried beneath the glacier or later washed in by water going slowly through the ice, scientists say. “Some of the assumptions we have made in the past now must be riously questioned,〞 say rearchers. “If bacteria can live under glaciers on Earth, why not on other planets? The new study points out in many ways that the bottoms of glaciers are probably quite good environments from the point of view of bacteria. So, maybe the bottom of the ice sheets on other planets would be a nsible place to try if you’re going to look for life on them.〞 1. What is special about the new study on bacteria? A. It focus on the bacteria in hot environments. B. It opens the windows of the bacterial labs wider. C. It pays more attention to the bacteria in the thermometer. D. It changes scientists’ view about the environment bacteria exist in. 2. Which of the following facts proves that bacteria under glaciers are alive? A. Water is going slowly through the ice. B. The drills ud by scientists are free of bacteria. C. Many of the bacteria are in the process of dividing. D. The earth beneath the glacier contains more bacteria. 3. From the passage we can learn that ________. A. bacteria disappear in the inner part of ice B. bacteria must be also alive on other planets C. bacteria can grow in extreme weathers D. bacteria grow by breaking themlves down 4. The passage is mainly about the possibility of the existence of life _________. A. under the a B. in hot water C. on other planets D. under glaciers Keys: DCCD B The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently, “When we try to describe faces precily, words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.〞 Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ. Thus, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about the brain’s ability to distinguish faces〞. In support of this, they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual hor. On the other hand, there are tho, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one. The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confesd, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a quite young baby recognizes his mother by sight. Granted that his other ns help – the sound, his n of smell, the distinctive way she handles him. But of all the, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and one that is, esntial for daily living, if not necessarily for survival. How esntial and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty. This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people can often recognize individuals by their voices, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity, many of the unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features. 1. It is stated in the passage that ______. A. it is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorily B. the ability to recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual gift C. quite a few people can visualize faces they have en D. few people can give exact details of the appearance of a face 2. What the author feels strange about is that _______. A. people have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1,000 faces 盆景松树B. people don’t think much of the problem of how and why we acquire the ability to recognize and remember faces C. people don’t realize how esntial and valuable it is for them to have the ability to recognize faces D. people have been arguing much over the way people recognize and remember faces 3. What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability? A. It is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings. B. It is acquired soon after birth. C. It is something we can do from the very moment we are born. D. It is learned from our environment and experiences. 4. This passage ems to emphasize that ______. A. the ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other ns as well as sight B. sight is indispensable (必需的) to recognizing individuals C. the ability to recognize faces is a special inborn ability of the brain D. the importance of the ability of recognizing faces is fully appreciated by people. Keys: DBCA LOOK THEM UP IN THE DICTIONARY & FIND THE MOST COMMON USE OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS:
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