备战2022届高考英语外刊时文热点
阅读理解专题09
文章1： 海蛞蝓的“再生术”
文章2： 以色列“人造牛奶”
文章3： 微型工厂将电子垃圾变废为宝
文章4： 汪星人也会吃醋吗？
（一）
海蛞蝓的“再生术”
众所周知，很多动物都有着超强的自愈能力和再生能力。譬如，海星可以长出新的手臂；小龙虾可以长出新的钳子；壁虎可以长出新的尾巴。但这些能力在海蛞蝓面前简直就是小儿科。生活在浅海区域的海蛞蝓是软体动物家族中的一个特殊成员，它们究竟有什么本领能够
令科学家们大为惊奇呢？
阅读短文并回答问题
Sea stars can grow new arms. Crayfish can grow new claws. There are interesting creatures that can grow back body parts if accidents happen. However, that is child’s play after what rearchers saw a a slug do.
According to a new discovery by Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues of Nara Women’s University in Japan, two species of a slugs managed to lo their heads and then began crawling around. Eventually, they grew an entirely new body. “We were surprid to e the head moving just after it was removed,” said Sayaka Mitoh. “We thought that it would die soon without a heart and other important organs, but we were surprid again to find that it regenerated the whole body.”
After the initial discovery, the rearchers found that for younger slugs, the detached heads began eating algae within hours. The wound typically clod at the back of the hea
d within days. They started regrowing a heart within a week and the regeneration of the entire body was finished after around three weeks. Older slugs weren’t as fortunate. Often the heads didn’t feed, so they died in about 10 days. Young or old, the headless bodies never generated a new head. But they did move around and respond to being touched for veral days and sometimes months after losing their heads.
The rearchers aren’t sure why the a slugs dropped their heads or how they’re able to grow new bodies. They may have parasites（寄生虫）that can hurt reproduction so they are removing their heads in order to also remove the parasites. But the rearchers aren’t sure what prompts them to know when to cast off the body when they do it. Sayaka Mitoh says they believe there must be cells located in the neck that are similar to stem cells. The are able to regenerate a new body.
How the heads can survive without a heart and other vital organs is another puzzle. The rearchers say the a slugs fuel their bodies by photosynthesis（光合作用）. They rely on chloroplasts from algae in their own bodies when other food isn’t available, a proc
ess known as kleptoplasty（盗食质体）. They think this might help them survive long enough to regenerate a body.
“As the parated body is often active for months, we may be able to study the mechanism and functions of kleptoplasty using living organs, tissues, or even cells,” Sayaka Mitoh said. “Such studies are almost completely lacking, as most studies on kleptoplasty in the animals are done either at the genetic or individual levels.”
小书包怎么折1. What surprid我的周末英语作文5句 Sayaka Mitoh and her colleagues?
A. The a slug could regrow a new body.
B. The a slug could survive without organs.
C. The a slug could remove its own head.
D. The headless a slug could grow a new head.
2. What happened to older a slugs after they lost their heads?
A. Their heads survived by eating algae.
B. They healed the wound within ten days.
C. They lost their n of touch and died soon.
D. Their bodies kept moving around for some time.
3. What may make a slugs 自学小提琴drop their heads生态影响 according to rearchers?
A. To get rid of parasites.
B. To end their reproductive cycle.
C. To generate new stem cells.
D. To get away from predators.猪肉蛋白质含量
4. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. The process of a slugs hunting for food.
B. The importance of studying functions of kleptoplasty.
C. The condition for吃宵夜 a slugs to perform photosynthesis.
D. The reason for a slugs to survive the loss of their bodies.
【参考答案】1-4 ADAD
【单词王乃卉】
1. crayfish n. 淡水螯虾
2. child’s play n. 轻而易举的事
3. regenerate v. 再生
4. prompt v. 促使；导致
The thought of her daughter’s wedding day prompted her to lo some weight.
对女儿婚期的操心使她消瘦了不少小班学习故事
5. chloroplast n. 叶绿体
6. lacking adj. 缺乏的；没有的
She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herlf.
她感到紧张，对自己越来越缺乏信心。
【短语】
cast something off 抛弃；丢弃
The town is still trying to cast off its dull image.
该镇仍在努力改变自己的单调形象。
【知识拓展】
1. Nara Women’s University
奈良女子大学，简称为奈良女，是日本一所知名的国立大学。该校和日本关东的御茶水女子大学被称作日本女子大学双壁，在日本国内有着非常高的口碑和知名度。
2. stem cell
干细胞是原始且未特化的细胞，它是未充分分化、具有再生各种组织器官的潜在功能的一类细胞。干细胞存在所有多细胞组织里，能经由有丝分裂与分化来分裂成多种的特化细胞，而且可以利用自我更新来提供更多干细胞。
3. kleptoplasty
盗食质体是指生物从食物中提取叶绿体并将其合并到自身细胞中的行为。能够进行盗食质体的生物通常以藻类或水生植物为食，它们利用食物中的叶绿体进行光合作用来为自身提供能量。
（二）
以色列“人造牛奶”
如果有人端上一杯牛奶，并告诉您，这和奶牛无关，是实验室“造”出来的，您会是什么反应？没错，继人造肉之后，人造牛奶也闪亮登场了。据说，人造牛奶在口味上和普通牛奶无异，不仅更加健康，而且能带来更多的环境效益。接下来就看看以色列Remilk公司的人造牛奶是怎么回事吧。
