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Designation:F963–08An American National Standard Standard Consumer Safety Specification for
Toy Safety1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation F963;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpo of this consumer safety specification is to establish nationally recognized safety requirements for toys.Although this specification will not eliminate the need for the exerci of
parental responsibility in lecting toys appropriate to the age of a child,or parental supervision in
situations in which children of various ages may have access to the same toys,its application will
minimize accidents in the normal,intended u and reasonably foreeable abu of the toys covered
by this specification.This specification was developed originally as a V oluntary Product Standard
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under the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards,Department of Commerce,and published in
1976(PS72–76).The prent revision is intended to update the safety requirements to include the
following by reference:published federal mandatory requirements,relevant voluntary standards,
certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards,and veral technical revisions bad on
producer experience with the original standard.
1.Scope
1.1This specification2relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered in the normal u for which a toy is intended or after reasonably foreeable abu.It does not purport to cover every conceivable hazard of a particular toy.This specification does not cover product performance or quality,except as related to safety.Except for the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended,this specification has no requirements for tho aspects of a toy that prent an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy.Such an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle.The needle is an inherent hazard that is well understood by the purchar of a toy wing kit,and this hazard is communicated to the ur as part of the normal educational process.
1.2On the other hand,while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its u(for example,falling off onto the sidewalk),the possible hazards associated with its con-struction(sharp edges,expod mechanisms,etc.)will be minimized by the application of this specification.
1.3This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for u by chil
dren under14years of age.Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this specification.The limits reflect the nature of the hazards and expected mental or physical ability,or both,of a child to cope with the hazards.
1.4Articles not covered by this specification are as follows: Bicycles
Tricycles
Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts
Playground equipment
Non-powder guns
Kites
Hobby and craft items in which thefinished item is not
primarily of play value
Model kits in which thefinished item is not primarily of
play value
Crayons,paints,chalks,and other similar art materials in
which the material itlf or thefinished item is not
primarily of play value,except that all art materials,
whether or not a component of a toy,must comply with LHAMA,in accordance with4.29.1-4.29.3.
Toy Chests
Sporting goods,camping goods,athletic equipment,mu-
sical instruments,and furniture;however,toys that are
their counterparts are covered.(It is recognized that
there is often afine line between,for example,a musical instrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart.
The intention of the producer or distributor,as well as
normal u and reasonably foreeable abu,deter-
mines whether the item is a toy counterpart.)
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1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-
tee F15on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F15.22on Toy Safety.
Current edition approved Dec.1,2008.Published February2009.Originally
approved in1986.Last previous edition approved in2007as F963–07´1.
2Toy Industry Association,Inc.(TIA)sometimes provides its interpretations of
this specification through its counl as a rvice to its members and others.The
TIA’s interpretations are not reviewed or approved by ASTM and should be viewed
as TIA’s alone.
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
Powered models of aircraft,rockets,boats,and land
vehicles;however,toys that are their counterparts are
covered.
1.5General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy pack-aging are contained in Annex A1.
1.6Information regarding packaging and shipping is con-tained in Annex A
2.
1.7This consumer safety specification includes the follow-ing ctions:
Title Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3
Safety Requirements4
双百方针提出的时间Material Quality 4.1 Flammability 4.2 Toxicology 4.3
Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4
Sound Producing Toys 4.5
Small Objects 4.6 Accessible Edges 4.7 Projections 4.8 Accessible Points 4.9
Wires or Rods 4.10
Nails and Fasteners 4.11 Packaging Film 4.12
Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13
Cords and Elastics in Toys 4.14
Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.15
Confined Spaces 4.16 Wheels,Tires,and Axles 4.17
Holes,Clearance,and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18 Simulated Protective Devices 4.19
Pacifiers 4.20 Projectile Toys 4.21 Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22
Rattles 4.23 Squeeze Toys 4.24
Battery-Operated Toys 4.25
Toys Intended to be Attached to a Crib
or Playpen 4.26
Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys 4.27
Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.28
Art Materials 4.29
Toy Gun Marking 4.30 Balloons 4.31
Certain Toys with Spherical Ends 4.32
Marbles 4.33
Balls 4.34 Pompoms 4.35 Hemispheric-Shaped Objects 4.36
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.37 Magnets 4.38
Jaw Entrapment in Handles and Steering Wheels 4.39
Safety Labeling Requirements5 Instructional Literature6 Producer’s Markings7
Test Methods8
General8.1
Testing for Hazardous Substance Content8.2
Method to Dissolve Soluble Matter8.3
Tests for Cleanliness and Prervative Effectiveness8.4
Normal U Testing8.5
Abu Testing8.6
Impact Tests8.7
Torque Tests for Removal of Components8.8
Tension Test for Removal of Components8.9 Compression Test8.10
Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel and
Axle Asmbly Removal8.11
Flexure Test8.12
Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys8.13 Projectiles8.14
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Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys8.15
Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys8.17
Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys8.18
Tests for Toys which Produce Noi8.19 Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-On Toys8.20 Packaging Film Thickness8.21
Test for Loops and Cords8.22
Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods8.23
Magnet Test Methods8.24
Test Methods for Locking Mechanisms or
Other Means8.25
Identification9
Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1 Packaging and Shipping Annex A2 Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribs
or Playpens Annex A3 Flammability Testing Procedure for Solids and Soft Toys Annex A4 Flammability Testing Procedure for Fabrics Annex A5 Rationale for2007Revisions Annex A6 Rationale for2008Revisions Annex A7 1.8The values statedfirst are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthes are for information only. 1.9The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion,Section8,of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its u.It is the responsibility of the ur of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appli
cability of regulatory limita-tions prior to u.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:3
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation
D642Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-tance of Shipping Containers,Components,and Unit Loads
D880Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and Systems
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3421Practice for Extraction and Determination of Plas-ticizer Mixtures from Vinyl Chloride Plastics4
D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards
D5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
F404Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs
F406Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F834Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Chests
F1313Specification for V olatile N-Nitrosamine Levels in Rubber Nipples on Pacifiers
F1148Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment
3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm,or contact ASTM Customer Service at rvice@astm.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
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Withdrawn.
2.2ANSI Standards:5
C18.1American National Standard for Dry Cells and Batteries—Specifications
S1.4Specification for Sound Level Meters
Z315.1Safety Requirements for Tricycles
2.3Federal Standards:6
15CFR1150Marking of Toys,Look-Alike and Imitation Firearms
16CFR1303Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint
16CFR1500Hazardous Substances Act Regulations,in-cluding the following ctions:
1500.3(c)(6)(vi)Definition of“flammable solid”1500.14(b)(8)Labeling of hazardous art materials 1500.18Banned toys and other banned articles intended for u by children
1500.19Misbranded toys and other articles intended for u by children
1500.44Method for determining extremelyflammable and flammable solids
1500.47Method for determining the sound pressure level produced by toy caps
1500.48Technical requirements for determining a sharp point in toys and other articles intended for u by children under8years of age
1500.49Technical requirements for determining a sharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articles intended for u by children under8years of age
1500.50-53Test method for simulating u and abu of toys and other articles intended for u by children 1500.83Exemptions for small packages,minor hazards,and special circumstances
总是感觉饿1500.85Exemptions from classification as banned hazard-ous substances
1500.86Exemptions from classification as a banned toy or other banned article for u by children
16CFR1501Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for U by Children Under3Years of Age which Prent Choking,Aspiration,or Ingestion Hazards Becau of Small Parts
16CFR1505Requirements for Electrically Operated Toys or Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended for U by Children
16CFR1510Requirements for Rattles
16CFR1511Requirements for Pacifiers
16CFR1610Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-tiles
21CFR110Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing,Processing,Packaging,or Holding Hu-man Food
21CFR170-189Food for Human Consumption
21CFR700-740Requirements for Specific Cosmetic Prod-ucts
21CFR73,74,81,82Color Additives
49CFR173.100,109Definition of Class C Explosives SS-T-312B Tile,Floor:Asphalt,Rubber,Vinyl,VinylAsbes-tos7
2.4ISO and IEC Standards:8
ISO3746:1995Acoustics—Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noi Sources Using Sound Pressure—Survey Method Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface Over
a Reflecting Plane
ISO7779Acoustics–Measurement of Airborne Noi Emit-ted by Computer and Business Equipment
ISO8124–1:2000Safety of Toys,Safety Aspects Related to Mechanical and Physical Properties
ISO11202Acoustics—Noi Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions—Survey Method in situ
ISO11204Acoustics—Noi Emitted by Machinery and Equipment—Measurement of Emission Sound Pressure Levels at a Work Station and at Other Specified Positions—Method Requiring Environmental Corrections IEC60086–2Primary Batteries:Physical and Electrical Specifications
IEC61672–1Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 1:Specifications
IEC61672–2Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 2:Pattern Evaluation Tests
2.5Other Standards:
EN71-1Safety of toys.Mechanical and physical properties
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1A-weighted sound pressure level(L pA)—the sound pressure level obtained by using standardized A-weighting.
3.1.2accessible—(part or component)describing any area of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe as described in16CFR 1500.48and16CFR1500.49.(See Fig.1.)
N OTE1—Dimensions are provided in Fig.1for two probes correspond-ing to two age ranges of children.
3.1.3alkaline battery—a non-rechargeable dry cell battery with an alkaline mangane electrochemistry.
3.1.4aquatic toy—an article,whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and ud as an instrument of play in shallow water.This does not include bath toys,beach balls,and United States Coast Guard-approved life saving devices.
3.1.5art material—any substance marketed or reprented by the producer or repackager as suitable for u in any pha of the creation of any work of visual or graphic art of any
5Electronic copy available from American National Standards Institute website:
www.ansi;hard copies from Global Engineering Documents,15Inverness Way East,Englewood,CO80112.
6Available from U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission website: v or U.S.Government Printing Office,Superintendent of Documents; P.O.Box371954,Pittsburgh,PA15250-7954;website:v
7Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC20401, www.v.
8Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1rue de Varembé,Ca postale5
6,CH-1211,Geneva20,Switzerland,
www.iso.ch.
medium.This definition includes items that become a compo-nent of the work of art such as paint,canvas,inks,crayons,chalk,solder,brazing rods,flux,paper,clay,stone,thread,cloth,and photographic film.It also includes items that are associated cloly with the creation of the final work of art such as brushes,brush cleaners,solvents,ceramic kilns,silk screens,molds,mold making material,and photographic developing chemicals.
3.1.6ball —any spherical,ovoid,or ellipsoidal object that is designed or intended to be thrown,hit,kicked,rolled,dropped,or bounced.The term “ball”includes any spherical,ovoid,or ellipsoidal object that is attached to a toy or article by means of string,elastic cord,or similar tether.The term “ball”also includes any multisided object formed by connecting planes into a generally spherical ovoid,or ellipsoidal shape that is designated or intended to be ud as a ball.The term “ball”does not
include dice,or balls permanently enclod inside pinball machines,mazes,or similar outer containers.A ball is permanently enclod if,when tested in accordance with 16CFR 1500.53,it is not removed from the outer container.3.1.7battery-operated toy —toy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries.
3.1.8burr —a roughness that may be found at an edge or joint of a toy or component if the material is not vered or finished cleanly.
3.1.9button cell battery —a battery having a diameter greater than its height.
3.1.10C-weighted peak sound pressure level (L Cpeak )—the peak sound pressure level obtained when using standardized C-weighting.
3.1.11clo-to-the-ear toy —a toy that is intended to be ud clo to the ear,that is,the sound emitting part of such a toy is normally put against the ear of a child (example—toy tele-phones that emit sounds from the earpiece).
3.1.12collap —sudden or unexpected folding of a struc-ture.
3.1.13compression spring —spring which esntially re-turns to its initial state after compression.
3.1.14continuous sound —any steady-state sound or group of variable sounds greater than one cond in duration.
3.1.15cord —a length of slender,flexible material including monofilaments,woven and twisted cord,rope,plastic textile tapes,ribbon,and tho fibrous materials commonly called string.
3.1.16cosmetics —any article intended or likely to be rubbed,sprinkled,or sprayed on,introduced onto,or otherwi applied to the human body for cleansing,beautifying,promot-ing or enhancing attractiveness,or for altering appearance.3.1.17crushing —injury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces.
3.1.18curled edge —an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than 90°with the ba sheet,as shown in Fig.2.
3.1.19discharge mechanism —an inanimate system for re-leasing and propelling a projectile.
3.1.20driving mechanism —asmbly of linked parts or components (for example,gears,belts,winding mechanisms),at least one of which moves,powered by a source (for example,electrical or mechanical means)independent of the child.3.1.21edge,hazardous —an acces
sible edge that prents an unreasonable risk of injury during the normal u and reason-ably foreeable abu of a toy.Metal and glass edges on toys intended for children under the age of eight years are defined as potentially hazardous if they fail the sharp edge test described in 16CFR 1500.49.Edges other than metal and
glass
FIG.1Accessibility胡思乱想怎么治
Probes
FIG.2Curled
Edge
are defined as potentially hazardous if they are sharp to the touch under casual handling conditions.
3.1.22elastic—material that will recover its former size and shape esntially and instantaneously after being elongated at least10%at a testing speed of not less than20in.(510 mm)/min.
3.1.23equivalent sound pressure level(L Aeq)—the level of a steady-state sound which,in a stated time period and at a stated location,has the same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.
3.1.24explosive action—the sudden relea of energy char-acterized by the rapid expansion or bursting of a material. 3.1.25extension spring—spring which esntially returns to its initial state after tension.
3.1.26fastener—mechanical device which attaches two or more elements together(for example,screws,rivets,and staples).
3.1.27feathering—the beveling of an edge(or decrea in thickness moving toward the edge)caud during the shearing or cutting of material.
3.1.28flash—excess material that escapes between the mat-ing parts of a mold asmbly.
3.1.29folding mechanism—an asmbly of hinged,pivoted, folding,or sliding members that can produce a crushing, scissoring,pinching,or shearing action during operation.
3.1.30fuzz—bits offibrous-type material that can be readily removed from toys with a pile surface.
3.1.31hand-held toy—a toy that is intended to be ud or operated while being held in the hand.Examples include toy
tools,small electronic games,stuffed animals,dolls,musical toys,and cap-firing toys.
3.1.32hazard—any characteristic of a toy that prents an unreasonable risk of injury or illness during normal u or as a result of reasonably foreeable abu.
3.1.33hazardous magnet—a magnet which has aflux index >50(refer to test method in8.2
4.1)and which is a small object (refer to4.6and Fig.3).
3.1.34hazardous magnet component—any part of a toy that is a small object(refer to
4.6and Fig.3)and which contains an attached or imbedded magnet which has aflux density>50as det
ermined in accordance with the test method in8.24.1. 3.1.35helical spring—spring in the form of a coil.
3.1.36hemmed edge—an edge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itlf through an angle of approximately180°,so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel to the main sheet,as shown in Fig.
4.
3.1.37hinge-line clearance—the distance between the sta-tionary portion of a toy and the movable portion along,or adjacent to,a line projected through the axis of rotation,shown as Dimension A in Fig.5.
3.1.38impulsive sound—any sound that is characterized by
a brief excursion of sound pressure significantly exceeding the ambient noi,typically less than one cond in duration. 3.1.39lap joint—a joint in which an edge overlaps a parallel surface but is not necessarily attached to it mechanically at all points along the length,as in the examples shown in Fig.6.
3.1.40large and bulky toy—toy that has a projected ba area of more than400in.2(0.26m2)or a volume of more than 3ft3(0.08m3)calculated without regard to minor appendages. N OTE2—The ba area for toys having permanently attached legs is measured by calculating the area enclod by straight lines connecting the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.
3.1.41latex balloon—any toy or decorative item consisting of a latex bag that is designed to be inflated by air or gas.The term does not include inflatable children’s toys that are ud in aquatic activities such as rafts,water wings,swim rings,or other similar items.
3.1.42marble—a sphere made of a hard material,such as glass,agate,marble,or plastic,that is ud in various chil-dren’s games,generally as a playing piece or marker.The term “marble”does not include a marble permanently enclod in a toy or game.A marble is permanently enclod if,when tested in accordance with16CFR1500.53,it is not removed from the toy or game.
3.1.43maximum A-weighted sound pressure level (L AFmax)—the maximum sound pressure level obtained when using standardized A-weighting and fast detector respon (time-weighting).
3.1.44non-replaceable battery—an electrochemical device that will not require ur accessibility or ur replacement for the expected life of the product or devices it is intended to power.Such batterie
s will not be accessible when tested in accordance with the normal u and,where appropriate, reasonably foreeable abu tests of8.6through8.10
.
FIG.3Small Parts
Cylinder
FIG.4Hemmed
Edge --``,`,,,,,`````,`````,,,,``,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
