A very long time ago, far away in China, a villager living along the banks of the Yellow River built a simple mud hut to shelter his family. Thousands of years later in the year 1420, the empire’s best craftsmen put the final touches on the ultimate masterpiece of Chine architecture --- the Temple of Heaven.
“Chine buildings evolved from simple shelters into complex magnificent structures with great swooping roofs, stately columns, and rich detail.”
Between this simple mud hut and this amazingly complex structure--- its every detail full with cosmological symbolism--- is a tale of emperors, monks, scholars and genius craftsmen--- a story which explains an architectural tradition of great beauty and flexibility. And to start this story at the beginning, we have to leap back two millennia, to when the brilliant tyrant QinShihuang becomes the first emperor of a unified China.
宾得镜头
In 1938, an American fighter pilot flying over a remote part of China, spotted giant pyramid-like structures below. In his excitement he took a photo and declared to the world that he had discovered a lost civilization. What he discovered, however, weren’word宏t pyramids, but massive tomb mounds. And the grandest of them all was the tomb of the man who unified China.
汽车实训报告
益气养血口服液“Our story begins with the tomb of QinShihuang the first emperor of China, who lived 200 years before Christ.”
A brilliant warrior and tactician, he annihilated all his rival states and created the imperial system which survived until the year 1904. And the grandeur of his tomb matched that of his ambitions:
For more than thirty years he ud 700,000 workers--- probably more manpower than the pharaohs had asmbled to built the pyramids--- to re-construct his kingdom in the privat
肝脏排毒时间
e underground world of his tomb, with palaces and courts for a hundred officials, rooms containing countless gems, rivers of mercury and candles which would never burn out. They sat you can’t take it with you, but QinShihuang sure tried.
“His tomb was guarded by hundreds of terracotta warriors, but just as fascinating were the clay model hous that were found inside his tomb.”
Becau of their belief that people had to provide for their ancestors in death, the early Chine buried their decead with clay models of the structures they depended on in life- granaries, hous, watchtowers and the like. The 2000 year-old models are the only surviving examples of early Chine wooden architecture, and from them we can e how hous were constructed around the time of the first emperor. The models show a type of wooden hou that incredibly can still be en today.
So why did the ancient Chine build in wood rather than stone, like the ancient Europeans? The availability of wood in the extensive forests of early China was no doubt a major factor. The ancient Chine did know how to build with stone, and how to u the
arch… and they ud the arch extensively for tombs, gates and bridges. However they rejected the stone arch for building hous, temples and palaces.脚底发麻
To e why we can again find clue from the tomb of the fiest emperor. Archaeologists recently excavated from the tomb a 2000 year-old sword that is still sharp as a razor.The reason it is still sharp is becau it is coated with chrome- a fact that may not em too amazing until you realize that chromium wasn’t invented until 1938- the same year the tombs were spotted by that American pilot.
This means is that the ancient Chine developed incredible metal-working skills very early in their history, and so they had metal woodworking tools at a very early date.
Stone can be ud to fashion and work stone, as early Britons must have done to build Stonehenge. But iron tools were necessary for wood carving and joinery. And with such tools, however primitive, wood construction was much easier than construction in stone.
Western cultures began their architecture without iron tools. So they started in stone and
brick and continued building with the materials. The Chine, on the other hand, began building with wood and continued to do so for 6000 years, starting with the basic Chine hou which was first developed on the flood plain of the yellow river.
In areas prone to flooding, this structure was raid on pilings. In the central yellow river valley of China it rested on solid platform.
Stone bas for each column, twice the diameter of the column, were placed on this platform, then the column raid on top of this.
So, the elevation of a Chine building has three elements: the podium underneath, the columns in between and big roof resting on top of the columns. Four columns form what is called a bay; groups of bays then form the different types of buildings. From the earliest times the Chine parated the supporting from the enclosing elements of a building. This meant the interior columns supported the roof weight completely, while the walls were just for privacy and protection from the elements.
简要事迹怎么写>兰花草吉他
