考研英语二阅读讲义
篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）
【例证题】
通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。
根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为
1.开头举例
2.细节例证
3.全文例证
【例证题-开头举例】
点过程
1.例子的标志：
(1)example,ca,story
小猪贝贝
(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）
2.题干特征：
提问写作意图
…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.
The example of…is ud to show___.
3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。
4.解题技巧
开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头
【典型例题】
【2003-1】英一
例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.
[A]introduce the topic of online spying
[B]show how he fought for the US
[C]give an episode of the information war
[D]honor his unique rvices to the CIA
原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated The days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.学术英语
【典型例题】
【2006-3】英一
例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____
[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C]large a animals may face the same threat today
[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
例题一
【2010-2】
例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
［A］The moral decaying derves more rearch by sociologists.
［B］Marriage break-up stems from x inequalities.
［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.
［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
原文
Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”
Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
诚实守信作文
例题二
【2013-1】
例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is ud to illustrate_____.
[A]the impact of technological advances
[B]the alleviation of job pressure
[C]the shrinkage of textile mills
法律专业
[D]the decline of middle-class incomes
原文
Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely becau of the big drop in demand becau of the Great Recession,but it is also becau
of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
【例证题-细节例证】
1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）
2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。
【典型例题】
【2001-2】英一
例：57.The writer mentioned the ca of the United States to justify the policy of________.
[A]providing financial support overas
[B]preventing foreign capital’s control
[C]building industrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
原文：To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States.When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn’t have the capital to do so.And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure--including roads,harbors,highways,ports and so on--were built with foreign investment.
例题一
【2014-1】
例：23.McRib is mentioned in Paragraph3to show that_____.
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are often effective孙膑怎么玩
[D]rarity generally increas pleasure
原文
①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”②It ems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for onelf,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.④This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obssion.
例题二
【2016-2】
例：30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.
A.industry groups
B.the win-win rhetoric
D.the plan under challenge
中班班务计划下学期原文
①Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.②Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.③Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
细节例证题VS细节题
例证题题干特征：
1.题干典型特征：文章提到什么是为了说明什么？
2.题干不应涉及例子本身内容
3.题干不应缺乏“目的是为了说明”这样的表述
否则，为细节题
【2017-2】
例：27.Radesky's food-testing exerci shows that mothers'u of devices______.
[A]takes away babies'appetite
[B]distracts children's attention
[C]slows down babies'verbal development
[D]reduces mother-child communication
原文：ⅡRadesky has studied the u of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exerci.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exerci started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a
parate obrvation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
【2017-2】
例：28.Radesky's cites the"still face experiment"to show that_______.
[A]it is easy for children to get ud to blank expressions
[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C]children are innsitive to changes in their parents'mood
[D]parents need to respond to children's emotional needs
原文：ⅢInfants are wired to look at parents'faces to try to understand their world,and if tho faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devid by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick
【例证题-全文例证】
1.全文例证（大例证）的形式特征：段落首句开始举例（除首段外），整段举例
2.解题技巧：全文例证证明全文主题，通过串线法找到全文主题，即为全文例证的答案所在。
【典型例题】
【2010-3】英二
例：32.Bottled water,chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to_______.
[A]reveal their impact on people’s habits
[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities
[C]indicate their effect on people’s buying power
[D]manifest the significant role of good habits
原文：①A few decades ago,many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal.②Then
潼关古城
beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.③Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanr for u after a meal.④Skin moisturizers are advertid as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
【例证题-文章续写题】
1.题干特征：
In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on______.
2.解题技巧：
对比选项中与现有文章末段内容最相关者，为答案。
【2010-2】英二
例：30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______.
[A]a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
[B]a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
[C]other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
[D]a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
原文：V①In short,the image that best reprents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.
篇章结构题经典范文
2017
Text2
①With so much focus on children’s u of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen u.②“Tech is designed to really suck you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,
“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.③It makes it hard to dingage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
①Radesky has studied the u of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother–child pairs a food-testing exerci.②She found that mothers who ud devices during the exerci started20per cent fewer verbal and39per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.③During a parate obrvation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.④Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
①Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if tho faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.②Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devid by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.③In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback:The child becomes increasingly distresd as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.④“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely prent at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and nsitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal
