2020-2021学年第第二学期高三英语练习
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
隔断墙第一节(共10小题；每小题啤酒广告语2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、单位鉴定意见D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
静夜思翻译Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶售楼) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we u, to achieve our purpos, a mechanical agency with tho operation we can’t effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpo put into machine is the purpo which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpo has another quality, one that we usually associate with li
ving things: a wish to prerve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical conquence of the simple fact that the machine can’t achieve its original purpo if it is a dead. So if we nd out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to cure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines who objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
心烦的说说
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some rearchers argue that we can al the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan ems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is cure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI ems to be possible but n
ot easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismisd out of hand, as it has been by some AI rearchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams----yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Other say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others thing that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of the atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
27. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _______.
A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician
28. Machines with specific purpos are associated with living things partly becau they might be able to _________.
A. prevent themlves form being destroyed B. achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders孔子曰 D. beat human international chess matches
29. According to some rearchers, we can u firewalls to _______.
A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be cure against evil human beings
C. keep machines from being harmed 强能 D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
30. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the development of AI.
B. It will get wor with human interference.
C. It will get solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remined foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die withing a month. 31
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 32 We know that , while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory process that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (
神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 33
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 34 The synaps in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than tho taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate or learn some new information----our brain may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their rearch also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synaps become thinner. The team discovered that some synaps em to be protected and stayed the same size. 35 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It’s as if the brain is prerving its most important memories.
