形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化
◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
tall | taller | tallest |
smart | smarter | smartest |
short | shorter | shortest |
| | |
一年级美术作品
特别提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。
如:healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。
◇以不发音的e结尾只加-r,-st
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
nice | nicer | nicest |
fine | finer | finest |
large | larger | largest |
| | |
◇“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i,再加-er, -est
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
wifi密码重置easy 卜算子陆游 | easier | easiest |
pretty | prettier | prettiest |
happy | happier | happiest |
funny | funnier | funniest |
busy | busier | busiest |
| | |
◇以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词(即重读闭音节词),双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
slim | slimmer | slimmest |
thin 电视节目类型 | thinner | thinnest |
hot | hotter | hottest |
big | bigger | biggest |
| | |
特别提醒:new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合,且发的是长元音,不用双写。
◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词),要在前面加 more,most
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
important | more important | most important |
interesting | more interesting | most interesting |
expensive | more expensive | most expensive |
popular | more popular | most popular |
| | |
特别提醒:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,
如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,
untidy----untidier----untidiest
◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more,most
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
slowly | more slowly | most slowly |
quickly | more quickly | 新年祝福语四字成语most quickly |
angrily | more angrily | most angrily |
softly | more softly | most softly |
noisily | more noisily | most noisily |
| | |
特别提醒:early ----earlier----earliest
◇由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或
most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
interesting | 卤菜配料配方more interesting | most interesting |
excited | more excited | most exciting |
tired | more tired | most tired |
boring | more boring | most boring |
| | |
不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
bad/badly/ill | wor | worst |
many/much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
| | |
特别提醒:
◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”,还可指“程度更深”。
记住以下三个词组:further study(进修)
further education(继续教育)
further information (进一步的信息)
◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行,如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)
◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。
以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容,仅供拓展之用。
◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级,这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。
afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
plead---- more plead , most plead
◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式,即:既可加-er/-est也可加more/most
焖四季豆 cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever
◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高
(即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...
形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项
◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。
误:Your English is better than me.
正:Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,最常见的三大修饰词是:a little, much, even。
以下单词也可用来修饰:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。
My sister is a little taller than me.
Their hou is much larger than ours.
另外,名词短语也可修饰比较级,说明程度。
I’m three years older than he.
特别提醒:very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。
◇避免重复使用比较级。
误:He is more kinder to small animals than I.
正:He is much kinder to small animals than I.
误:He is more cleverer than his brother.
正:He is cleverer than his brother.
◇比较要符合逻辑,在同一范围内比较时,避免将主语含在比较对象中,这时需使用other来排除自身。
误:China is larger that any country in Asia.
正:China is larger than any other country in Asia.
误:John studies harder than any student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any other student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.
正:John studies harder than anyone el in his class.
◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则,注意前后呼应。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the cond largest continent.
The Yellow River is the cond longest river in China.
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
◇为避免重复,我们通常用that, tho, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,tho代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可数名词。
The weather in China is different from that in America.
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
误:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.
正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。
----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
延胡索的功效
Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。