形容詞的比較級&最高級
為了表現不同程度的性質，形容詞具有三級：原級、比較級、最高級
有些形容詞因為本身已經達到極限，故沒有比較級和最高級，例如absolute, excellent, living, dead, only…..
形容詞的原級、比較級、最高級
規則變化：短字+er / est more / most 長字
＊單音節的字在字尾加er及est
tall - taller - tallest long - longer -longest clean -cleaner - cleanest
warm - warmer -warmest
high - higher - highest
dark - darker - darkest
＊字尾有e時，只加r及st
nice - nicer - nicest clo - clor -clost cute - cuter - cutest
wide – wider -widest
safe - safer – safest
gentle –gentler -gentlest
＊字尾為子音+y時，將y改為i再加er及est
happy –happier-happiest pretty-prettier-prettiest dirty-dirtier-dirtiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
noisy-noisier-noisiest
easy-easier-easiest
注意：母音+y時，直接加er及est。Ex. gray-grayer-grayest
＊短母音+子音，重複子音再加er及est
big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest sad-sadder-saddest fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest glad-gladder-gladdest red-redder-reddest
＊more / most 長字
(三音節以上的字及大多數二音節字，特別由–ful, -less, -able, ive, ing 結尾的字) beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
active – more active – most active
interesting – more interesting – most interesting
注意：happy(二音節)-happier unhappy(三音節)-unhappier
＊有些形容詞可以加er及est或前面加上more / most來形成比較級和最高級polite – politer 或more polite – politest 或most polite
其他如：quiet , handsome , common , pleasant
不規則變化：
good / well better best
bad wor worst
many / much more most
＊old older
elder oldest
eldest
年齡的比較、事物的新舊
長幼順序
＊late later較晚的
latter稍後的latest最新近的
last 最後的
時間的先後
順序的先後
＊far farther更遠
further更進一步；更遠farthest
furthest
表示距離
表示程度或距離
little less
littler least
littlest
關於量，much的相反
表示大小，等於small
＊My elder brother is three years older than your younger sister.
His eldest son is the oldest student in our school.
My sweater is older than yours.
哥哥姊姊elder brother/sister = older brother/sister
＊She came later than usual. (她比平常晚到。)
The Internet will give you the latest news.(網路會提供你最新的消息。)
青春无畏He will be free in the latter part of the week.(他本週的下半周有空。)
His latest book may be his last book.(他最近出的書可能是他最後的書了。)
＊Kaohsiung is farther(further) from T aipei than Keelung.(從台北到高雄比到基隆遠。) The farthest(furthest) planet from the earth is Pluto.(離地球最遠的行星式冥王星。)
I have nothing further to say on the subject.(對於這個主題我沒有什麼要講的了。) Have you any further need of me?(你還有要我幫忙的嗎？)
蛋疼是什么原因＊很少few – fewer – fewest + 可數名詞
little – less – least + 不可數名詞
(1) 相同
Jack is as tall as David.
Jack is as handsome as David.
Jack has as much money as David.
(2) 超過—優勢比較
Jack is taller than David.
Jack is more handsome than David.
Jack has more money than David.
(3) 不足—劣勢比較(不論長短字，一律用less)
Jack is less tall than David.
Jack is less handsome than David.
老挝花梨Jack has less money than David.
(1) …. +比較級+ than ….
The small box is heavier than the big box.
Mr. Wang is thinner than Mr. Lin.
A computer is more expensive than a bicycle.
＊than + 主格或受格
Y ou are taller than I. = You are taller than me.
Y ou are taller than I am. (此處不得用受格)
I like you better than he (likes you). 與主格比較
I like you better than (I like) him. 與受格比較
＊比較的對象要合理而且不能與自己相比較
(X) Y our pencil is longer than I / me. 人與物比較
(O) Y our pencil is longer than mine.(=my pencil.)
(X) T aipei is bigger than all the cities in T aiwan.所有城市包含T aipei
(X) T aipei is bigger than any city in T aiwan.任何城市包含T aipei
(O) T aipei is bigger than all the other cities in T aiwan. 所有/任何其他城市
(O) T aipei is bigger than any other cities in T aiwan. 則不包含T aipei
(O) New Y ork is bigger than all the cities/ any city in T aiwan. New Y ork 不在台灣注意：all the other 複數/ any other 單數
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(2) Who / Which + be +比較級, A or B ?
Who is taller, T om or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
(3) ~ + be + the 比較級+ of the two. (兩個之中比較…的那一個，~包含在兩個之中)学钢琴难吗
T om is the taller of the two. = T om is taller than the other boy.
This jacket is the more expensive of the two.
= This jacket is more expensive than the other one.
(4) very + 原級; much / a lot / even / far + 比較級
T om is much taller than Jack. (T om比Jack高多了。)
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle.
(5) 比較級and 比較級
(越來越~~) ~er and ~er / more and more ~
In summer, the days become longer and longer.
We have more and more tests at school now.
She likes eating fast food and is growing fatter and fatter.
English becomes more and more important in our daily life.
There will be less and less pollution if everyone helps to save our earth.
After a typhoon, the vegetables become more and more expensive.
(越來越不~~)less and less ~
As we grow up, we will become less and less happy.
He became less and less careful on his work and finally was fired.
(6) The 比較級, the 比較級. ( 越~~越~~)
The more, the better.(越多越好。)
The more he reads, the less the understands.(他越讀越不明白。)
The older we grow, the poor our memory will become.(年紀越大，記憶力越差。)
＊Jack is not as tall as T om. --T om is taller than Jack. = Jack is shorter than T om.
Jack不像T om那麼高。--T om比Jack高。
I don’t have as many books as you. --Y ou have more books than I.
= I have fewer books than you.
This car isn’t as expensive as that one. --That car is more expensive than this one.
= This car is cheaper than that one.
＊Jack is not taller than T om. 不完全等於Jack is shorter than T om.
Jack並沒有比T om高。-- 可能比T om矮，也可能和T om一樣高。
I didn’t come earlier than you. We may come here at the same time.
I don’t have more pens than you. Maybe I have as many pens as you.
最高級的使用時機: the / 所有格+ 最高級
(1) 在一個範圍或團體中in ~
The elephant is the biggest animal in the zoo.
都付笑谈中Helen is the most active student in my class.
(2) Who / Which + be +最高級, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, T om, Jack, or David?
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car?
阳春面做法
(3) ~ + be + the 最高級+ of the three / of all. (三個以上或全部之中)
Of the three / of all , ~ + be + the 最高級
T om is the tallest of the three boys. = T om is taller than the other two boys.
This one is the most expensive of all the cars in the store.
Of all the girls in my class, Helen is the most active.
Of all my friends, T om is the most important one to me.
(4) ~ + be + one of the +最高級+複數名詞
Love River is one of the most beautiful rivers in T aiwan.
Mark is one of the best students in my class.
(5) ~ + be + the 最高級~ that 某人have/ has ever p.p.
This is the longest train that I have ever en. (這是我見過最長的火車。)
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.( 這是我看過有趣的書。)
纯音乐钢琴曲
＊T aipei is the biggest city in T aiwan.
= T aipei is bigger than any other city in T aiwan.
= T aipei is bigger than all the other cities in T aiwan.
= No other city in T aiwan is as big as T aipei.
= No other cities in T aiwan are as big as T aipei.
＊Time is the most important of all things.
= Time is more important than any other thing.
= Nothing is more important than time.
= Nothing is so important as time.
Ⅲ、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，
big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
二、不规则变化
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
Ⅳ形容词，副词等级的用法
一、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
（1）―甲+be+（倍数）+as+形容词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖
例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
―甲+实意动词+（倍数）+as+副词原级+as+乙‖表示―甲和乙程度相同‖或―甲是乙的几倍‖例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
（2）―甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙‖甲不如乙…
