形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:
(1) 规则变化表:
情 况 | 加 法 | 例 词 | tct报告
| 直接加 -er ; -est | all-taller-tallest |
以e结尾的词 | 加 –r ; -st | nice-nicer-nicest |
以“辅音+y”结尾的词 | 变y为i再加-er ; -est | dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的词 | 辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est | thin-thinner-thinnest |
多音节和局部双音节单词 | 安全月活动在词前加 more ; most | more delicious most delicious |
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(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:
申请助学金的理由原 级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good , well | better | best |
bad , ill | wor | worst |
many , much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther / further | farthest / furthest |
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二.形容词和副词比较级的基本用法
级别 | 比较水准 | 表达方式和意义 | 例 句 | 备 注 |
原 级 | 同 等 程 度 | 肯 定 形 式 | As+原级+as (像……一样) | Art is as interesting as music. Play as well as you can. | |
否 定 形 式 | not + so (as) +原级+as (不如……那样) | English is not so difficult as science. She does not study so well as I do. | |
比较级 | 不同水准 (用于两者比较) | 比较级+than (比……) | Jim is older than Luky. I like pork better than beef. | 比较级前面能够加 much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等词来修饰 |
水准加深 | 比较级+and+比较级 (越来越……) The + 比较级,the + 比较级 (越……, 越……) | He is growing taller and taller. He studies better and better. The more books she reads, the better she understand. | |
最高级 | 最高水准 (用于三者或三者以上) | The +最高级+of (in) (最……) | Spring is the best ason of the year. 孕妇健康手册Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. | 副词最高级前面的 the 往往省略 |
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注:假如动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;假如后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如:This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)铲雪工具
This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)
三.形容词副词比较级最高级的特殊用法
(1)和冠词连用
the +形容词原级+v(复),指一类人或物
the + 形容词比较级,指两者中“较…的”的那一个,eg. the younger of the two
a/ an +形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
( a) +most+形容词最高级 “非常…” eg. a most beautiful city
(2)序数词与最高级连用,如:
Flying is the fastest and the cond cheapest way to travel.
(3)比较级+than any other +n. (单) (适用于范围一致时)
(all) other +n.(复)
any +n.(单) (适用于范围不一致时)
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class.
any student in my class.
(4)倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
注:用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍能够用twice或double.
The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
(5)“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)” 意为“最...的其中之一”
注:整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式.如:
One of the oldest hous has been burnt in a fire最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了
(6)“Which / Who+动词+形/副,A,B or C?”句型中,假如有两个选项,形/副用比较级,假如有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如:
Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei? 林涛和韩梅谁的书最多?
Which is the heaviest,a pig,a hor or an elephant? 猪、马、象哪个最重?
(7)上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the;含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如:
--Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢
--Which do you like best? –All of them!你最喜欢哪个?全部。
(8 ) more…than…结构,其意往往是…rather than…,可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……,不如说是……”。
That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。
She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.她是贤妻,更是良母。
三、易错点点拨:
1. 比较级的形式误用。
(1) Your room is more and more dirty. You had better clean it.
〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词dirty是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,它的比较级的叠加不能用more and more+形容词,应该用dirtier and dirtier,所以把more and more dirty改为dirtier and dirtier。
(2) Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.
〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词beautiful是多音节的形容词, 所以它的比较级的叠加用more and more+形容词的结构。所以去掉第一个beautiful。
2. 比较级的修饰词用法混淆。
My English is very better than yours.
〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词比较级前的修饰词的用法。形容词的比较级前面能够用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示水准。但不能用very,所以把very改
为much。
班级管理方法和措施
3. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法相混淆。一杯星巴克多少钱
I think the car is fastest of all the three.
〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的最高级的用法,形容词的最高级前面用定冠词the,副词的最高级前能够不用定冠词the。所以fastest前加the。
4. 比较的对象不一致。
The weather in Beijing is wor than Shanghai .
〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法,两者相比的对象必须一致,北京的天气必须和上海的天气相比。所以把shanghai改为that in Shanghai,用that代替上文提到的weather,以避免重复。
5. 形容词和副词用法混淆。
My English teacher always talks friendly with us. 我们英语老师总是友好地和我们交谈。
〔解析〕本句子是考查副词修饰动词的用法,但是friendly是形容词。应把friendly改为in a friendly way。