考研英语阅读答案解析 (例题)
[经济学类]
关键词语题型
Recent years have brought minority-owned business in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themlves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that business awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to t specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterpris.
Corporate respon appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority business ro from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority business for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.
Promising as it is for minority business, this incread patronage pos dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themlves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large business, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expens. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get r
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equests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
A cond risk is that White-owned companies may ek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of cour, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterpris can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being t up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterpri that cures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bas: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
1. The primary purpo of the text is to
战地2联机平台 [A] prent a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.
[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.
[C] propo a temporary solution to a problem.
[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.
2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might caus it to
足够的钱英语 [A] experience frustration but not rious financial harm.
[B] face potentially crippling fixed expens.
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怎么追摩羯座女生 [C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.
[D] increa its spending with minority subcontractors.
3. It can be inferred
from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals t by “some federal and local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are
[A] more popular with large corporations.
[B] more concrete.
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[C] less controversial.
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[D] less expensive to enforce.
4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s asrtion that, in the 1970’s, corporate respon to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?
[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned business totaled $2 billion in 1979.
[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned business declined by 25 percent.
[C] The figures collected in 1977 underreprented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned business.
[D] The $1.1 billion reprented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.
5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate respon to working with minority subcontractors?
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