经济学⼈科技发展中的悲观情绪
背景介绍：
随着⼈类科技的发展，不断会有新技术和事物的出现，并替代了旧的、过时的技术和事物。在⼈类发展过程中，新旧事物的更迭似乎是不可阻挡的。然⽽，每当有新事物出现时，⼈们总还是或多或少地会产⽣⼀些悲观情绪。
Technology and society
科技与社会
Pessimism v progress
悲观VS发展
Faster, cheaper, better—technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply.
雪山峰
更快、更低价、更好的技术为许多⼈勾勒出⼀个美好明天的愿景。但在21世纪20年代即将到来之际，⼈们却很难保持乐观。
Today’s gloomy mood is centred on smartphones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that humanity has taken a technological wrong turn, or that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good, have arin before.
如今，⼈们对科技的悲观情绪主要源⾃于⼗年前开始兴起的智能⼿机和社交媒体。然⽽，在此之前就曾出现过有关⼈类点错了科技树或是某些技术可能弊⼤于利的担忧。
In the 1970s the despondency was prompted by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage and the prospect of nuclear immolation.
上世纪70年代，对⼈⼝过剩、环境破坏和核毁灭前景的担忧就曾使⼈们意志消沉。吃韭菜拉肚子
The 1920s witnesd a backlash against cars, which had earlier been en as a miraculous answer to the affliction of hor-drawn vehicles—which filled the streets with noi and dung, and caud congestion and accidents.
上世纪20年代也曾发⽣过⼀场抵制汽车的运动，⽽在此之前，汽车曾⼀度被视为是解决了马车困扰（在马车时代，街道
上世纪20年代也曾发⽣过⼀场抵制汽车的运动，⽽在此之前，汽车曾⼀度被视为是解决了马车困扰（平面广告素材
过故人庄的意思在马车时代，街道嘈杂纷乱、粪便遍地，堵车和交通事故也是常有之事）的奇迹般的发明。
And the blight of industrialisation was decried in the 19th century by Luddites, Romantics and socialists, who worried (with good reason) about the displacement of skilled artisans, the despoiling of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands toiling in smoke-belching mills.
19世纪，卢德主义者、浪漫主义者和社会主义者纷纷谴责⼯业化所带来的祸患，他们（有充分的理由）担忧熟练技⼯被机器所取代、乡村遭到⼯⼚的破坏，以及浓烟滚滚的⼯⼚⾥的⼯⼈劳苦艰⾟。
Stand back, and in each of the historical cas disappointment aro from a mix of unrealid hopes and unforeen conquences.
30的英语单词
退⼀步来看，在这每⼀个历史实例中，⼈们的失望情绪都源⾃于未实现的期望和未预见的后果。
Technology unleashes the forces of creative destruction, so it is only natural that it leads to anxiety; for any given technology its drawbacks sometimes em to outweigh its benefits. When this happens with veral technologies at once, as today, the result is a wider n of techno-pessimism.
技术释放出了创造性破坏的⼒量，因此⾃然会导致焦虑；任何⼀项技术都会有看似弊⼤于利的时候。
⽽当数项技术同时出现这种情况时，就如同今天这样，将会导致科技悲观情绪的普遍存在。
However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of ubiquitous communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible.
然⽽，或许有点悲观过头了。⼈们往往过于关注⼀项新技术的缺点，但却视其优点为理所当然。⼈们在担⼼智能⼿机过度使⽤的同时也应该看到它所带来的实质性的好处（随处可通讯以及即时获取信息和娱乐）。马化腾子女
A further danger is that Luddite efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”.
卢德主义者为避免新技术所产⽣的短期成本⽽做的努⼒最终将损害新技术的长期利益，这将导致更深层次的危害，⽜津⼤学学者卡尔·本尼迪克特·弗雷将其称之为“技术陷阱”。
Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may prompt politicians to tax them, for example, to discoura
ge their u. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
⼈们担⼼机器⼈会抢⾛饭碗，这或将促使政客们采取例如征税的措施来阻⽌机器⼈的使⽤。然⽽，从长远来看，随着劳动⼒的⽼龄化以及数量的减缩，各国如果想要维持原有的⽣活⽔平就需要更多⽽⾮更少的机器⼈。
(红⾊标注词为重难点词汇)
本⽂翻译：Vinnie
校核：Vinnie不问世事
编辑：Vinnie
会议布置⼩编说
卢德主义出现于⼯业⾰命初期，指的是对新技术和新事物的⼀种盲⽬冲动的反抗，当时的⼯⼈由于缺乏对机器⽣产的认识、担⼼机器的出现会使⾃⼰丢掉⼯作，从⽽以消极的⽅式抵抗机器⽣产。时⾄今⽇，我们常常还能看到卢德主义的影⼦。新事物的出现必定既有利⼜有弊，我们不该盲⽬悲观，⽽是应该取其利⽽避其弊。
重难点词汇：
despondency [dɪˈspɑːndənsi] n. 泄⽓；意志消沉immolation [ˌɪməˈleɪʃn] n. 祭物；宰杀；祭品affliction [əˈflɪkʃn] n. 苦难；苦恼；折磨
despoil [dɪˈspɔɪl] vt. 掠夺；剥夺；夺取
ubiquitous [juːˈbɪkwɪtəs] adj. 普遍存在的；⽆所不在的
