高中英语各种变化规则总结(附高考真题考查示例)
名词的复数
一、可数名词的复数变化规则
1、一般情况加s book--books mouth--mouths hou--hous girl--girls time--times(2014辽宁)
change--changes(2014 I卷)hour--hours(2014 II卷改错) painting--paintings(2015 I卷) day--days(2016 I卷) year--years(2016 III卷改错)effect--effects(2017 I卷)parent--parents(2015 II卷改错)
2、以s, sh, ch, x结尾的加 es class--class box--boxes match--matches
注意:stomach的复数形式直接加 s
3、以y结尾
辅音字母+ y结尾的,变y为i加es city--cities country--countries party--parties study--stu
dies(2016 II卷)enemy--enemies(2016江苏)
元音字母+y结尾的,直接加s day--days(2016 I卷) boy--boys key--keys toy--toys
4、以o结尾
色人阁五月天少数(4个),加es Negroes heroes potatoes tomatoes
其他,加s radios zoos bamboos pianos kilos photos
5、以f或fe 结尾
多数,变f或fe为ves thief wife wolf leaf knife life half shelf loaf lfcad怎么标注尺寸
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
其他,加s belief--beliefs roof--roofs safe--safes gulf--gulfs
二、不规则的复数变化
ox--oxen child--children foot--feet tooth--teeth goo--gee mou--mice lou--lice
man--men woman--women Englishman--Englishmen Dutchman--Dutchmen
注意:Germans, Americans, Russians
英语中的某些外来词,其复数变化很特殊:
phenomenon--phenomena现象 penny--pennies/pence便士 formula--formulae公式
bacterium--bacteria细菌 medium--media媒体 datum--data资料
crisis--cris危机 basis--bas基础 thesis--thes论文
三、单复同形
deer, sheep, fish(条数), bison(野牛), works(工厂)
people(人), ries(系列), species(种类)
Chine, Japane, Swiss, means, crossroads, headquarters(总部)spacecraft, aircraft
in the 1980s 或1980’s 在二十世纪八十年代
形容词变副词
1、一般情况,直接加ly quick--quickly actual--actually(2014 I卷) regular--regularly(2015 I卷) official--officially(2016 I卷) rious--riously(2015 I卷改错) gradual--gradually(2016 III卷) free--freely(2016 III卷改错) recent--recently(2016江苏) slow--slowly(2015 II卷) wonderful--wonderfully(2014 I卷改错) sudden--suddenly(2014 II 卷) helpful---helpfully(2014 II卷改错) soft--softly(2014辽宁)
2、以y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将y改成i,再加-ly;若读音为/ai/,则直接加-ly.
happy--happily lucky--luckily heavy-heavily,angry-angrily,busy-busily,dry-dryly,shy-shyly.steady--steadily(2016 I卷改错)
3、以e结尾
学做一道菜元音加e结尾,去e加ly true-truly
辅音加e结尾,直接加ly polite--politely fortunate--fortunately immediate--immediately
4、以l结尾
一个l结尾的,直接加ly careful--carefully wonderful--wonderfully
两个l结尾的,直接加y
5、以le结尾的,去e加y possible--possibly terrible--terribly(2015 II卷改错) gentle--gently simple--simply
6、以ic结尾的词,加-ally,如:economic-economically,scientific-scientifically,energetic-energetically.
7、特殊的副词变形
good--well
注意:开心图片大全唯美1、以ly结尾的形容词
friendly, lovely, weekly, timely, lively, lonely, likely, deadly, ugly, silly
2、 fast, early, straight既是形容词又是副词,不加ly。例如:
He runs fast. Can you give me a fast answer?
3、有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加ly的副词形式,但加不加ly意思不一样,使用时需注意。例如:
(1)不加ly的副词表示具体,加ly表示抽象。
拐杖>代数式的分类wide(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)--wide(副词,睁大地)--widely(副词,广泛地)
high(形容词,高的)--high(副词,高地)--highly(副词,高度地)
clo(形容词,近的,亲密的)--clo(副词,近地)--cloly(副词,紧密地)
deep(形容词,深的)--deep(副词,深地)--deeply(副词,深度地)
(2)两种副词完全不同。
late(形容词,晚的)--late(副词,晚地)--lately(副词,最近)
hard(形容词,困难的)--hard(副词,努力地)--hardly(副词,几乎不)
most(形容词,多数的)--most(副词,最)--mostly(副词,主要地)
just(形容词,公正的,恰当的)--just(副词,恰好)--justly(副词,公正地)
比较级和最高级
一、规则变化
1、一般情况,加er est small--smaller--smallest short--shorter--shortest丑鸭 great--greater(2016 II卷) clean--cleaner(2014 I卷)
2、以不发音的e结尾,加--r --st large--larger--largest nice--nicer--nicest
3、重读闭音节,双写辅音字母加er est
big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter--hottest fat--fatter--fattest
thin--thinner--thinnest sad--sadder--saddest wet--wetter--wettest
4、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变i加er est
easy--easier--easiest heavy--heavier--heaviest busy--busier--busiest happy--happier--happiest
5、多音节词或以ful, less, able, ous, ing, ed, ive结尾,在前面加more most
beautiful--more beautiful--most beautiful different--more different--most different
crowded--more crowded--most crowded dangerous--more dangerous--most dangerous
二、不规则变化
good/ well--better--best bad/ ill--wor--worst
old→older/ elder→oldest/ eldest many/ much--more--most
little--less--least far--further/ farther--furthest/ farthest
动词的第三人称单数变化规则
1、 一般情况,直接加--s works gets reads look--looks(2014 II卷改错)
2、以ch, sh, s, x 或 以o 结尾,加--es wash-washes catch--catches do--does cookedgo--goes(2015 II 卷)
3、 以辅音字母加y结尾,把 y变i加--es study--studies try--tries carry--carries fly--flies
以元音字母加y结尾,直接加--s stays says plays
现在分词和动名词的变化规则
1、一般情况,直接加ing going playing knowing wear--wearing(2016 III卷改错) hold--holing(2014辽宁)