Ancient Societies Classifying答案
Although humans have established many types of societies throughout history, sociologists and anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as resources, prestige or power, and usually refer to four basic types of societies.
From least to most socially complex they are clans, tribes, chiefdoms and states.
Clan The are small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally of fewer than 100 people, who move asonally to exploit wild(undomesticated) food resources. Most surviving hunter-gatherer groups are of this kind, such as the Hadza of Tanzania or the San of southern Africa. Clan members are generally kinsfolk, related by descent or marriage. Clans lack formal leaders, so there are no marked economic differences or disparities in status among their members.
苹果红枣汤
太想爱你张信哲Becau clans are compod of mobile groups of hunter-gatherers, their sites consist mainl
y of asonallyoccupied camps, and other smaller and more specialid sites. Among the latter are kill or butchery sites-
locations where large mammals are killed and sometimes butchered-and work sites, where tools are made or other specific activities carried out. The ba camp of such a group may give evidence of rather insubstantial dwellings or temporary shelters, along with the debris of residential occupation.
校园安全Tribe The are generally larger than mobile hunter-gatherer groups, but rarely number more than a few thousand, and their diet or subsistence is bad largely on cultivated plants and domesticated animals. Typically, they are ttled farmers, but they may be nomadic with a very different, mobile economy bad on the intensive exploitation oflivestock. The are generally multi-community societies, with the individual communities integrated into the larger society through kinship ties. Although some tribes have officials and even a "capital"or at of government, such officials lack the economic ba necessary for effective u of power.
深表遗憾
The typical ttlement pattern for tribes is one of ttled agricultural homesteads or villages. Characteristically, no one ttlement dominates any of the others in the region. Instead, the archaeologist finds evidence for isolated permanently occupied hous or for permanent villages. Such villages may be made up of a collection of free-
standing hous, like tho of the first farms of the Danube valley in Europe. Or they may be clusters of buildings grouped together, for example, the pueblos of the American Southwest, and the early farming village or small town of Catalhoyuk in modern Turkey.
Question 1-7思想工作汇报
蓝莓功效Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
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1. There's little economic difference between members of a clan.
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2. The farmers of a tribe grow a wide range of plants.
3. One ttlement is more important than any other ttlements in a tribe.4.A member's status in a chiefdom is determined by how much land he owns.
5. There are people who craft goods in chiefdoms.
6. The king keeps the order of a state by keeping a milltray
7. Bureaucratic officers receive higher salaries than other members.
