四级阅读词汇基础讲义
【第一课：词汇部分】
photography/fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/n.摄影；摄影术
photic/ˈfoʊtɪk/adj.光的；发光的
photophobia/ˌfotəˈfobɪə/n.畏光
photosynthesis/ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/n.光合作用geography/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/n.地理
telegraph/ˈtelɪɡræf/n.电报
biography/baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/n.传记
laborious/ləˈbɔːriəs/adj.艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的ordeal/ɔːrˈdiːl/n.折磨；严酷的考验
infinite/ˈɪnfɪnət/adj.无限的
definite/ˈdefɪnət/adj.确定的
document/ˈdɑːkjumənt/n.文件vt.记录
file/faɪl/n.文件vt.提出
profile/ˈproʊfaɪl/n.简况
high-profile adj.高调的；备受瞩目的
interrupt/ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/vt./vi.中断；打断
associate/əˈsoʊʃieɪt/vt.联想，联系
朱家角古镇旅游区prence/ˈprezns/n.存在；出席；参加
abnce/ˈæbsəns/n.没有；缺乏；缺席
abnt-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的
slight/slaɪt/adj.轻微的，少量的
blight/blaɪt/vi.枯萎n.枯萎
forbade/fərˈbeɪd/vt.禁止（forbid的过去式）
digital/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/adj.数字的
heighten/ˈhaɪtn/vt./vi.提高；增高
relief/rɪˈliːf/n.减轻
relieve/rɪˈliːv/vt.减轻
belief/bɪˈliːf/n.相信
believe/bɪˈliːv/vt.相信
receive/rɪˈsiːv/vt.接收
reception/rɪˈpʃn/n.接待；接收
recipient/rɪˈsɪpiənt/n.接受者
blue-ribbon adj.第一流的；头等的
hang onto紧紧抓住，依附
immer/ɪˈmɜːrs/vt.沉浸
emerge/ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/vi.出现
submerge/səbˈmɜːrdʒ/vt./vi.淹没；潜水adj.在水下的emergency n.出现，急诊
immerd adj.浸入的；专注的
satisfy/ˈsætɪsfaɪ/vt./vi.令人满意；令人满足
Jupiter/ˈdʒuːpɪtər/n.木星
Mercury/ˈmɜːrkjəri/n.水银，水星
merchant/ˈmɜːrtʃənt/n.商人
Pluto/ˈpluːtoʊ/n.冥王；冥王星
plutocrat/ˈpluːtəkræt/n.财阀；富豪
plutocracy/pluːˈtɑːkrəsi/n.富豪统治
Mars/mɑːrz/n.火星；战神
march/mɑːrtʃ/vt./n.行军
engaged/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/adj.忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的vt.吸引，占用vi.从事；参与painstaking/ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ/adj.艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n.辛苦；勤勉
master/ˈmæstər/n.主人；大师vt.精通；控制
enrich/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/vt.使充实；使肥沃；使富足
distract/dɪˈstrækt/vt.转移；分心
absorb/əbˈsɔːrb/vt.吸收；吸引；理解
derive/dɪˈraɪv/vt./vi.源于
instructor/ɪnˈstrʌktər/n.教练；教师
supervisor/ˈsuːpərvaɪzər/n.监督员；指导者
mentor/ˈmentɔːr/n.导师vt.指导
amentia/əˈmenʃɪə/n.智力缺陷
demented/dɪˈmentɪd/adj.失去理智的
mentation/menˈteɪʃən/n.心智活动
fuss/fʌs/n.大惊小怪，大发牢骚
gadget/ˈɡædʒɪt/n.小器具，小玩意儿
unintended/ˌʌnɪnˈtendɪd/adj.非计划中的，非故意的
miraculously/mɪˈrækjələsli/adv.奇迹般地；神奇地
catastrophic/ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/adj.灾难性的
reckless/ˈrekləs/adj.鲁莽的，不计后果的
【第一课：文章部分】
The car has reshaped our cities.It ems to offer autonomy for everyone.There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertiments showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
For all the fuss made about top speeds,cornering ability and acceleration,the most uful gadgets on a modem car are tho which work when you’re going very slowly:parking nsors, sound systems,and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams.This ems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer:becau the apps know where almost all the urs are,and how fast they are
板栗功效
moving almost all the time,they can spot traffic congestion(堵塞)very quickly and suggest ways round it.
The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone el using the same gadget.Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them.When a lucky few have access to the knowledge,they will benefit greatly.But when everyone has perfect information,traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that em to offer a way round them.
This new congestion teaches us two things.The first is that the promis of technology will never be realid as fully as we hope;they will be limited by their unforeen and unintended conquences.Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once emed to be promid.The cond is that lf-organisation will not get us where we want to go.The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before,but one in which almost everyone does rather wor.Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
青春是什么
新学期的目标作文Similar limits can be foreen for the much greater advances promid by lf-driving cars. Last week,one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona.This was the first recorded death involving a car which was suppod to be fully autonomous.Experts have said that it suggests a“catastrophic failure”of technology.
Increasingly,even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating(令人陶醉的)hurry that characteris its culture.What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us,and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
51.What does the author say about car advertiments?
A)They portray drivers who enjoy speed on the road.
开学第1课
B)They prent a fal picture of the autonomy cars provide.
C)They pursue individuality and originality in design concept.
D)They overestimate the potential market of autonomous cars.
52.What does the author imply about the various gadgets on cars?
A)They can help to alleviate traffic jams.
B)Most of them are as effective as advertid.
C)Only some can be put to u under current traffic conditions.
D)They are constantly upgraded to make driving easier and safer.
53.What does the author say about the u of navigation apps?
A)It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.
B)It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.
C)It sharply reduces the incidence of traffic accidents.
D)It benefits tho who are learning to drive.
54.What does the author say about technology?
A)Its conquences are usually difficult to asss.
B)It ldom delivers all the benefits as promid.
C)It depends on the required knowledge for application.
D)Its benefits are guaranteed by collective wisdom.
55.What key message does the author try to convey in the passage?
A)The conquences of technological innovation need not be exaggerated.
B)There is always a price to pay to develop technology for a better world.
C)Technological innovation should be properly regulated.
D)The culture of Silicon Valley ought not to be emulated.
【第二课：词汇部分】
notoriously/noʊˈtɔːriəsli/adv.众所周知地；声名狼藉地
inedible/ɪnˈedəbl/adj.不能吃的
foodie/ˈfuːdi/n.吃货
treaty/ˈtriːti/n.条约
contract/ˈkɑːntrækt/n.契约，合同
unreliable/ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/adj.不可靠的
liable/ˈlaɪəbl/adj.有责任的，有义务的
acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns/n.熟人；相识；了解
accquire/əˈkwaɪər/vt.获得；取得
overestimate/ˌoʊvərˈestɪmət vt.对……评价过高
underestimate/ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/vt.低估
overvalue/ˌoʊvərˈvæljuː/vt.对…估价过高
undervalue/ˌʌndərˈvæljuː/v.低估……的价值
massive/ˈmæsɪv/adj.大量的
overweight/ˌoʊvərˈweɪt/adj.超重的
outweigh/ˌaʊtˈweɪ/vt.比……重
remarkable/rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/adj.卓越的，非凡的
vigil/ˈvɪdʒɪl/n.监视，警戒
vigilance/ˈvɪdʒɪləns/n.警戒，警觉
梅园小学invigilate/ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪt/vt.监视，监考
invigilator/ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪtər/n.监考人
牙疼的说说surveillance/sɜːrˈveɪləns/n.监督，监视
contemporary art当代艺术
constrain/kənˈstreɪn/vt.束缚
constraint/kənˈstreɪnt/n.约束圆形公式
scale up扩大规模
large-scale大规模的
dip/dɪp/v.浸，下沉
dig/dɪɡ/vt.挖
format/ˈfɔːrmæt/n.格式
formula/ˈfɔːrmjələ/n.公式，准则
transform/trænsˈfɔːrm/vt.改变，变化
