Unit 1
一、知识点
1.check in :在旅馆的登记入住。 check out:在旅馆结账离开。
2.by:①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前
⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语)
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
① What…think of…? How…like…?
② What…do with…? How…deal with…?
③ What…like about…? How…like…?
④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?
⑤ What to do? How to do it?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.
What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a）
㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词，其前要加 a）
4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法：三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如：
She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不当众大声谈笑。
5. voice指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。sound指人可以听到的各种声音。
noi指噪音、吵闹声
6. find +宾语 +宾补（名词 男人为什么抽烟形容词 介词短语 分词等）
例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window clod.
We found her honest.
7.常见的系动词有：
①是：am、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay ③ 转变：become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get +宾语+宾补（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生
例：Get the shoes clean.把鞋擦干净；Get Mr. Green to come.让格林先生进来
I want to get my bike repaired.我想去修自行车
You can’t get him waiting.你不能让他老等着
9.动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun做名词为不可数名词
11. add补充说 又说
12. join加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定
为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do sth.害怕；be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”；②两者中的“任一”③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词；finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Plea give me a cond apple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing…干…遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry. =My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.
如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
20.instead: adv.代替，更换。
例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead.开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。
instead of doing sth.作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. Give me the red one instead of the green one.
21.spoken口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语
speaking讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力
22.提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.?如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
书香的意思 ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
23. a lot许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot.我吃了许多。
24. too…to太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想说。三对三篮球
25. not …at all一点也不 根本不 如：
家庭教育文章 I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all则放在句尾
26.be / get excited about sth.= be/get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth.对…感兴奋 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=
I am excited to go to Beijing.我对去北京感到兴奋。
27.① end up doing sth终止做某事，结束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth.以…结束 如：
The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
28. first of all首先； to begin with一开始； later on后来、随
29. also也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
either也（用于否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well
30. make mistakes犯错；mistake sb. for …把……错认为……
make mistakes (in) doing sth.在干某事方面出错；by mistake错误地；由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I often make mistakes.我经常犯错。
I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
婴儿绿便 make a mistake犯一个错误 如：I have made a mistake.我已经犯了一个错误。
31. laugh at sb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
32. take notes做笔记，做记录
33. enjoy doing sth .喜欢做…乐意做…如：
She enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy onelf 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himlf.他过得愉快。
34. native speaker说本族语的人
35. one of +(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers.她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
37. practice doing练习做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English.她经常练习说英语。
38. decide to do sth.决定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .李雷已经决定去北京。
39. deal with处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
40. worry about sb./ sth.担心某人/某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
41. be angry with sb.对某人生气 如： I was angry with her.我对她生气。
42. perhaps = maybe也许
43. go by (时间)过去 如： Two years went by.两年过去了。
44. e sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
e sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事
如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
45. each other彼此
46. regard… as …把…看作为…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool.这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
48. change… into… 将…变为…
公司房屋租赁合同如：The magician changed the pen into a book.这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help在李雷的帮助下
50. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
二、短语：
1.by making flashcards通过做单词抽认卡；2. ask…for help向某人求助
3.read aloud朗读；4.that way (=in that way)通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills提高我的会话技巧；6.for example (=for instance)例如动物手工
7.have fun玩得高兴；8.have conversations with friends与朋友对话
9.get excited高兴，激动；10.end up speaking in Chine以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about…做有关…的调查；12.keep an English notebook记英语笔记
13.spoken English (= oral English)英语口语；14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right使发音准确；
16.practi speaking English练习说英语；17.first of all首先；
18.begin with以…开始；19.later on随后；20.in class在课堂上；21.laught at嘲笑
22.take notes记笔记；23.enjoy doing喜欢干…；24.write down写下，记下
25.look up (v + adv)查找，查询；26.native speakers说本族话的人
27.make up编造，虚构，化妆，打扮；28.around the world全世界
29.deal with对待，处理，解决；30.worry about (be worried about)担心，担忧
31.be angry with生某人的气；32.stay angry生气；33.go by消逝
34. regard…as…把…当做…；35.complain about/of抱怨
36. change…into…把…变成…（= turn into）；37.with the help of在…的帮助下
38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较；39.think of (think about)想起，想到
40.physical problems身体上的问题；41.break off中断，突然终止
42. not…at all根本不，全然不
三、句子
1.How do you study for a test?你怎样为考试做准备？
2.I have learned a lot that way.用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice.听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently.卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating.他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后，
我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped.我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impresd.给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete ntences.她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing?你在做什么？
14.Most people speak English as a cond language.英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem?我们怎样处理我们的问题？
16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers.在老师帮助下尽我们最大努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话
（一）动词不定式：
结构：to +动词原形
功能：动词不定式在句子中可以充当以下六种句子成份。
1. 作主语
To learn English well is very difficult.
不定式做主语，往往由it作形式主语，不定式移到句子的后面。
It is difficult to learn English well.
2. 作表语
The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.
3. 作宾语
I hope to become a teacher after graduation.
跟不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree, want, refu, offer, promi, choo, decide, determine, fail, ask, hope, expect, wish, learn, afford, intend, demand, manager, prepare begin, start, forget, remember, like ,love, try, need,
…
另外feel, find, think, consider 等动词后接不定式做宾语，补语是形容词时，常用it做形式宾语，把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to learn English.
4. 作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）
I wish him to win the game.
跟不定式做宾补的常见动词有：
advi, wish, prefer, order, teach, get, expect, like, want, ask, encourage, invite, require, tell, help, allow, force
发财树开花吗 还有一些词后面跟不带to的不定式做宾补：
e, hear, notice, feel, watch, make, let, have, listen to …
He saw them play on the playground.
5. 作定语
There are a lot of books to read.
不定式与其修饰的词之间一般都有动宾关系，如果不定式是个不及物动词，其后应有介词。
He is a nice person to work with.
There are a lot of books to read.
6. 作状语
1）表示目的
To pass the exam, I must do my best to study.
不定式作目的状语时，否定式必须用in order not to do， so as not to do
Let’s hurry in order not to be late for the class.
2）表示结果
She lived to e her grandson go to university.
3）表示原因
I am glad to e you.
She was very happy to hear the good news.
7. 不定式常与疑问词连用构成短语：
Eg: what to do / how to do/ where to go /
when to start/ which to buy
Do you know how to u a computer?
（二）如何表达同意和反对
agreement disagreement
1. You’re right. 1.I don’t agree.
2. That’s true. 2. I don’t think so.
3. I agree. 3. I’m not sure about that.
4. Yes, I think so, too. 4. Of cour not.
5. That’s true….. 5. I think you are wrong.
（三）词组
1. a popular type of writing 一种流行的文学体裁
2. think of 认为
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
4. decide to do 决定做某事
5. encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事
6. such as …..例如
7. be interested in ….对……感兴趣
8. as a result …..结果；由于……结果as a result of
Eg: He was late for school this morning as a result of the snow.
由于下雪他今早上学迟到了。
He worked hard, and as a result, he got promoted quickly. 他工作努力，被提拔得很快。
9. come true 成为现实
Eg: He said that I would become a doctor and it has come true now.
他说我会成为医生，现在这预言成真了。
10. make sb + rich 使某人……富有
make sb do 使某人……做某事
Eg: What you are doing will only make things wor.
你现在所做的只会使情况更糟。 |
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