1823年摹本
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The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,
1776 THE UNANIMOUS
DECLARATION OF THE
THIRTEEN UNITED
STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the cour of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the parate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the caus which impel them to the paration.
We hold the truths to be lf-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among the are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to cure the rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the connt of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of the ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall em most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient caus; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more dispod to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themlves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abus and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future curity. Such has been the patient sufferance of the Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which
constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the prent King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over the States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refud his asnt to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his asnt should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
骆强He has refud to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless tho people would relinquish the right of reprentation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpo of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.]
He has dissolved reprentative hous repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness 我的表姐电影
his invasion on the rights of the people.
He has refud for a long time, after such dissolution, to cau others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exerci; the State remaining in the meantime expod to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of the states; for that purpo obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his asnt of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary. 经典话语
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and nt hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the connt of our l
egislatures.
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his asnt to their acts of pretended legislation.
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
会摇尾巴的狼 For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of the States.
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
For imposing taxes on us without our connt;
For depriving us in many cas, of the benefits of trial by jury;
For transporting us beyond as to be tried for pretended offens;
For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule the Colonies;
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundame
ntally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themlves invested with power to legislate for us in all cas whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.
He has plundered our as, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high as to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themlves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the
inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, who known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, xes, and conditions.
In every stage of the oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince who character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and ttlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow the usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our paration, and hold them., as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.
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We, therefore, the Reprentatives of the United States of America, in General Congress asmbled , appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of the Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That the United States Colonies and Independent States; that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
Button Gwinnett
Lyman Hall
George Walton
William Hooper
Joph Hewes
John Penn
Edward Rutledge
Thomas Heyward, Jr.
Thomas Lunch, Jr.
Arthur Middleton
John Hancock
Samuel Cha
做点心William Paca
Thomas Stone
Charles Carroll of Carrollton
George Wythe
Richard Henry Lee
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Harrison
Thomas Nelson, Jr.
Francis Lightfoot Lee
Carter Braxton
Robert Morris
Benjamin Rush
Benjamin Franklin
John Morton
George Clymer
James Smith
George Taylor
James Wilson
George Ross
Caesar Rodney微信公众账号平台
George Read
Thomas McKean
William Floyd
Philip Livingston
Francis Lewis
Lewis Morris
Richard Stockton
John Witherspoon
Francis Hopkinson
John Hart
Abraham Clark
Josiah Bartlett
William Whipple
Samuel Adams
John Adams
Robert Treat Paine
Elbridge Gerry
Stephen Hopkins
William Ellery
Roger Sherman
Samuel Huntington
William Williams
Oliver Wolcott
Matthew Thornton
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