动词不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式
动词不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式
七、不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式：这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高，要特别注意不定式的这三种形式
(一)如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式
He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.
In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.
After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you cho to look at it.
Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herlf in as if weeping were a disgrace.
(二) 如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式
She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline四季的诗.
33.The Vikings are believed _____ America.
陶瓷滤料34.［A］ to have discovered
35.［B］ in discovering
36.［C］ to discover
37.［D］ to have been discovered
38.The students were to _____ at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.
39.［A］ asmbled
40.［B］ have asmbled
41.［C］ asmbling
42.［D］ be asmbled
43.He was to _____ the new ambassador, but he fell ill.
44.［A系统休眠功能］ having telephoned
45.［B］ have telephoned
46.［C］ has telephoned
47.［D］ telephoning
(三)不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生
When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.
Why do you stand here? You are suppod to be working in the workshop.
(四)不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行
The students from the Department of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.
古诗默写
They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.
不定式完成式具有哪些句法功能
不定式完成式所表的动作发生在谓语动词之前，它在句子中可以用作以下句子成分：
一、用作主语。如：
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。
To have told my cret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。
二、用作表语。如：
He ems to have been sick. 他好像生病了。
I was to have left yesterday. 我本来打算昨天出发的。
No harm ems to have been done. 似乎没有造成损失。
三、用作宾语。如：
He claimed to have reached the top of the mountain. 他声称已攀上那座山的顶峰。
By 1992，he hopes to have opened a branch overas. 到1992centain年，他希望能在海外开一分店。
四、用作定语。如：
There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 希腊神话和传说没有必要给我买一双新鞋。
She’s the only scientist to have won three Nobel prizes. 她是惟一得过3次诺贝尔奖的科学家。
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 她是第一个被选到这个职位的妇女。
五、用作状语。如：
You’re far too clever to have done that. 你太聪明了不会这样做。
He is too young to have en the old society. 他太年轻，没有见过旧社会。
六、用作宾补。如：
I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的。
The letters show him to have been a lovable character. 这些信表明他是一个可爱的人物。
His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩单说明他在学校很用功。
七、用作主补。如：
He was later discovered to have been a spy. 后来发现他原来是间谍()。
The game was originally scheduled to have taken place in Rome. 这场球赛原本定在罗马举行。
不定式的进行式可用作哪些成分
不定式进行式手开头的四字成语表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作，它在句子中可以用作以下成分
一、用作主语。如：
It’s nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。
Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。
二、用作表语。如：
He ems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。
Things em to be going on smoothly. 似乎一切都很顺利。
He ems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
三、用作宾语。如：
You won’t want to be washing at this time of night. 夜里这时候你不要洗澡。
I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。
四、用作定语。如：
You’ve no need to be fearing. 你没有必要害怕。
Well, it’s time to be making for home. 好，是回家的时候了。
五、用作状语。如：
You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的，能乘飞机走。
You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。
六、用作宾补。如：
Let’s be moving, we’re wasting time. 我们走吧，我们在浪费时间。
They thought her to be working in the library. 他们以为她在图书馆学习。
七、用作主补。如：
He believed her to be telling the truth. 戒之在色他相信她讲的是真话。
He is believed to be going to the U. S. A. 据信他正在前往美国。
He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他躲在林子里。
动词不定式的时态
动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
动词不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的，具体表现在：
1)不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。例如：
My parents have made plans to spend their holidays in Hainan next week. (to spend发生在made plans之后)
2)不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。例如：
When her parents came back last night, she happened to be doing her homework.
3)不定式的完成式表达下列意义：
(1)不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之前。例如：
They are said to have just finished cleaning their bedrooms. (to have just finished发生在they are said所表示的时间之前)
(2)不定式的完成式用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promid, planned, wishe
d, thought, desired, was, were等词后，表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have+过去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。例如：
