The Daffodils
---William Wordsworth
I wander’d lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host , of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
公安信息化Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine天长地久的意思
And twinkle on the Milky way,
They stretch’d in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay
In such a jocund company!
E gaze –and gazed –but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
译文：
独自漫游似浮云，
青山翠谷上飘荡；
一刹那瞥见一丛丛、
一簇簇水仙金黄；
树荫下，明湖边，
和风吹拂舞翩跹。
银耳大枣汤
仿佛群星璀璨，
沿银河闪霎晶莹；针刺放血
一湾碧波边缘，
绵延，望不尽；
只见万千无穷，
随风偃仰舞兴浓。
花边波光潋滟，
怎比得繁花似锦；
面对如此良伴，
诗人怎不欢欣！
凝视，凝视，流连不止；
殊不知引起悠悠情思；
兀自倚憩息，
岑寂，幽然冥想；
蓦地花影闪心扉，
独处方能神往；
衷心喜悦洋溢，
伴水仙、舞不息。
赏析：
威廉·华兹华斯（1770~1850）是十九世纪英国浪漫主义大诗人，他的诗论和诗作不仅极
大地影响了英国诗歌，而且深刻地影响了现代英美的诗歌，甚至也波及到了中国的现代诗歌。每一位诗歌爱好者，都无法回避华兹华斯，至少都得读一读他的名篇《水仙》。客房部
这首《水仙》诗，可以分为上下两阕，每阕各两节，每节各六行，全诗用四音步抑扬格，每节诗的韵律是ababcc。诗的上阕描写“我”孤独的像一朵云，飘过青山翠谷，来到湖边，看到树荫下一簇簇金黄色的水仙花，和着微风舞翩跹。那些随风起舞的水仙，就好像银河系璀璨的群星，连绵不断，望不到边。下阕续写“我”看到这繁花起舞，湖光潋滟，情不自禁地陶醉于大自然的良辰美景之中，凝视不绝，竟至引起悠悠情思，流连忘返。突然在幽思冥想中悟到：正因为“我”孤独而居，才能够心领神会这大自然的恩赐。华兹华斯的诗采用日常生活中的事件，竭力使用人们日常语言来加以叙述和描写，同时在这些事件上加上想象的光彩，使日常的东西在不平常的状态下显现震撼心灵的力量。这首诗中，华氏摒弃了英国18世纪非常盛行的所谓“诗体词汇”，大量运用了英语中的基本词：wander，lonely，cloud，float，high，hills，saw，crowd，host，golden，lake，tree足底反射区，dancing，breeze，continuous，stars，shine，twinkle，the Milky Way等等，也不用华丽的辞藻，复杂的句式来点缀他的诗行，像“They stretched in never-ending line/ Along the margin of a bay.”这样的句子广布诗行之间，使诗更贴近于人们真实的生活，这才是最好的语言。“而
最好的语言本来就是从这些最好的外界东西得来的；因为他们在社会上处于那样的地位，他们的交际范围狭小而又没有变化，很少受到社会上的虚荣心的影响，他们表达情感和思想都很单纯而不矫揉造作。因此，这样的语言从屡次的经验和正常的情感产生出来，比起一般诗人通常用来代替它的语言，是更永久、更富有哲学意味的。”
这首诗更集中反映了诗人孤独的心理和善于哲思的精神。华兹华斯8岁丧母，13岁丧父，寄宿学校，长期与兄弟姐妹们分开生活，童年缺少的亲情却幸运的在家乡附近的湖区的自然风光中得到了补偿。他对大自然有着非常虔诚的爱，把大自然看成是自己的精神家园，将自己的道德情感与大自然的外在美景紧密的联系在一起。他的个人性格就是孤独而敏感，正如苏文箐分析指出：“华兹华斯从小就能察人所不察，感人所未感。能给最平凡、最普通的情景，动作或形象以特殊耀眼的光泽，把平常的事物表现得出奇。华兹华斯敏感的另一面不是‘疯狂’而是孤独，使他在创作中更倾向于沉思而不是激情，他的诗中不仅出现一个‘孤独的自我’，而且都带上了浓厚的哲理色彩”。所以，诗中的“我”是一位孤独的沉思者
欧洲文化入门考试大题（参考答案）
(2010-12-19 20:31:22)
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The Renaissance era encompass Western music history from 1400 to the beginning of the 1600. This period in time marked the rebirth of humanism, and the revival of cultural achievements for their own sake in all forms of art, including music. The word "Renaissance" in itlf is defined as a "rebirth" or a "reconstruction".
During this time, artists and musicians produced works that displayed more artistic freedom and individualism. This creativity allowed artists to abandon the stricter ways of the Medieval Era. Their art forms rediscovered the ancient Greek ideals. The great masters of the Renaissance were revered in their own lifetimes (rather than after their deaths), which was different from most of their Medieval predecessors. With the new printing techniques, music and musical ideas were able to be prerved and distributed to the people.
Humanism
Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, bad on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities — particularly rationality.[1][2] It is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems and is incorporated into veral religious schools of thought. Humanism can be considered the process by which truth and morality is sought through human investigation. In focusing on the capacity for lf-determination, humanism rejects the validity of transcendental justifications, such as a dependence on belief without reason, the supernatural, or texts of allegedly divine origin. Humanists endor universal morality bad on the commonality of the human condition, suggesting that solutions to human social and cultural problems cannot be parochial
浪漫主义 Romanticism
Romanticism was a movement in literature， philosophy， music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Starting from the ideas of Rousau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement (狂飙运动) in Germany. Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations (灵感) above tho of society. As a reaction (反应) to the industrial revolution (工业革命)， it looked to (承上启下) the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature (与大自然的直接接触) for inspiration (灵感)。 Romanticism gave impetus (动力支持) to the national liberation movement (民族解放运动) in 19th century Europe.
启蒙运动Enlightenment Movement
Enlightenment was an intellectual (知识分子) movement originating in France， which attracted (吸引) widespread (普遍的) support (支持重庆公租房) among the ruling (统治阶级) and intellectural class of Europe and North America in the cond half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts (作用) by certain European writers to u critical reason (批评推
理) to free minds from prejudice (偏见)， unexamined authority (权威) and oppression (压迫) by Church or State (国家政权)。 Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason (理智的年代)。
