微观经济学名词解释
1
2 Chapter 1 business cycle 经济周期
fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production economi
cs 经济学; 经济，国家的经济状
况
the study of how society manages its scarce 缺乏的，罕见的 resources efficienc
y n.功效;
百香果好吃吗
效率，效能; 实力，能力;
[物] 性
能;
the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources equality n
.同等，平等; [数] 相等，等
式;
the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society externalit
y[,ekst ɜː'næl ɪt ɪ]外部性
the uncompensated impact of one person’s ac tions on the well-being of a bystander 旁观者; 局外人; 看热闹的人 incentive s omething that induces a person to act
爱画画
Inflation
[ɪn'fle ɪʃ(ə)n]
an increa in the overall level of prices in the economy marginal
Chapter 2
circular-flow diagram a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among houholds 家庭; 家庭，户and firms
macroecono
mics [,mækr əʊiːkə'nɒmɪks; -ek-] the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth
microecono mics [,maɪkrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪks the study of how houholds and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets
normative['n
ɔːmətɪv]标准的statements claims that attempt to prescribe定，规定; 指定，规定；美[prɪˈskraɪb] how the world should be
positive
statements
claims that attempt to describe the world as it is
production possibilities frontier
['frʌntɪə）a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology
Chapter 3
absolute advantag e the ability to produce a good using fewer inputs than another producer
comparati the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than
3
ve
advantag
宇宙最大的恒星
e
another producer
exports goods produced domestically美[də'mestɪklɪ】合乎国内的and sold abroad
呼兰河传读书笔记摘抄
imports goods produced abroad and sold domestically
opportuni
ty cost
whatever must be given up to obtain some item
Chapter 4
competiti ve market 完全竞争市场a market with many buyers and llers['lə] trading identical 同一的，完全相同的美[aɪˈdɛntɪkəl] products so that each buyer and ller is a price taker
Complem
ents互补品最美女护士
['kɑmpləmənt]two goods for which an increa in the price of one leads to a decrea in the demand for the other
demand curve 需求曲线a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity dem
anded
demand schedule 需求表a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded
Equilibriu m[,ikwɪ'lɪbrɪəm] a situation in which the market price has reached the level at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded
4
均衡
equilibriu m price 均衡价格the price that balances quantity supplied and quantity demanded
equilibriu m quantity the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at the equilibrium price
inferior
good
劣质品[ɪn'fɪərɪə] a good for which, other things equal, an increa in income leads to a decrea in d
emand
law of
demand 需求原理the claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good ris
law of
supply 供给原理the claim that, other things equal, the quantity supplied of a good ris when the price of the good ris
law of supply and demand the claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balance
market a group of buyers and llers of a particular good or rvice normal
good
何处是江南
普通商品a good for which, other things equal, an increa in income leads to an increa in demand
quantity demande the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purcha
促销5
>排骨的做法
