英语中修辞

更新时间:2023-06-23 12:44:13 阅读: 评论:0

1. 阿诗玛的传说反语法It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual n. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
反语法(Irony)是指用相反的意义来表达实际的思想以增强幽默感、讽刺性或讲话的力量的一种修辞手段。反语法通常分为两类:
a).词义反用法(antiphra):即用字词表达相反的意思;
1.This hard-working boy ldom reads more than an hour per week.焖面的家常做法这个勤奋的孩子每周读书很少超过一小时。(hard-working这里言与意反,实际上表达的是lazy)
2."What a noble illustration of the tender laws of this favourable country!"  --Dickens
这个可敬的国家,温和的法律,多么高尚的说服啊!--狄更斯
b).情景式反语(situational irony):即主要借助于溢于文中的反语笔触来传达这种意味。
3.Most of the abolitionists belong to nations that spend half their annual income on weapons of war and honour rearch to perfect means of killing.
主张废除死刑者大都属于这样一些民族,它们花费50%的年收入制造战争武器,拥护研究完善杀人的手段。(此处通过反语笔触揭露了这类人的假慈悲。)
2. 转喻It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
转喻(Metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有密切关系时,可以利用这种关系,以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物,这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在相似;而是在联想。转喻又称换喻,借喻或借代
例如:
1.The kettle boils.壶水开。(the kettle壶,表示 the water in the kettle 壶水)
2.He is fond of the bottle.他喜欢喝酒。(用bottle装酒的瓶子,表示wine酒)
3.Grey hairs should be respected.老人应受到尊重。(用grey hairs白发,表示 old people老人)
4.The pen is mightier than the sword.笔要比剑更锋利。(用pen笔,表示article文章)
5.I am reading Lu Hsun.我在读鲁迅的作品。(用Lu Hsun鲁迅,表示Lu Hsun's works鲁迅的作品)
3.矛盾修饰法It is a compresd paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrast
ing, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
我的不足矛盾修饰法(Oxymoron)是将两个互相矛盾,互不调和,的词放在同一个短语中,产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。用它来状物写景,能突出事物的实质;用它来描绘人物,能使其更加鲜明;用它来表达复杂的思想感情或意味深长的哲理,能使其更强烈,更深刻。它是一种紧缩隽语。矛盾修饰法是将两个意思截然不同的词放在一起,结合成一个词组,而对语是通过平行结构引起两个概念的对比。
1.a clever fool聪明的傻瓜
2.a victorious defeat胜利的失败
3.cruel kindness残酷的仁慈
4.expressionless expression丰乳女人毫无表情的表情
5.sick health憔悴的健康
6.a living death行尸走肉
7.with careful carelessness小心翼翼又漫不经心地
8.bright and dark既光彩夺目,又朦胧黑暗
9.dove-feather’d raven披着白鸽羽毛的乌鸦
10.with her disagreeably pleasant laugh(她)自鸣得意却令人讨厌地笑起来
11.an honorable villain体面的恶棍
12.There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.(from Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreir)
这时是一片听得见的寂静,连人声听起来都是异样的。(选自美国作家西奥多德莱塞的长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》)(作者用audible来修饰stillness,匠心独具地从反面烘托环境,使人耳目一新,过目难忘。矛盾的对立面取得了高度的一致,形成了完美的统一。)
4.对语/对照It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
对语(Antithesis)是指为了强调,通过平行的语法结构,设置反衬或对比的词语,这样的一种修辞手段。对语又称对偶,对句,反衬或对比。
例如:
1.The friends overstate his accomplishment; the enemies overstate his evil.朋友夸大他的成就;敌人夸大他的罪恶。
2.It(American imperialism) is the strongest in history and also the weakest in history.它(美帝国主义)在历史上是最强的,也是最弱的。
3.H that has never hoped can never despair.从没抱有希望的人决不会失去一切希望。
4.He demanded openly and unequivocally the disfranchiment of every Negro no matter what his education or fortune. He demanded the enfranchiment of every white man no matter what his status,education,fortune or work.他公开而明确地要求剥夺一切黑人的公民权,不论其所受教育程度高低,所占财产多寡;他要求给每一个白人以公民权,也不论其社会地位如何,受教育程度高低,财产多寡,何种职业。
擦鞋女5.拟人It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
初一语文知识点拟人(Personification)是指把物(包括物体、动物、思想或抽象概念)拟作人,使其具有人的外表、个性或情感的这样的修辞手段。拟人可以通过形容词、动词或名词表现出来。
例如:
1.The year 1871 witnesd the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune.1871年目睹了(爆发了)英勇的巴黎公社起义。
2.Thirsty soil drank in the rain.饥渴的土壤在雨中畅饮。
3.Did you e the anger of the tempest?你看到暴风雨的愤怒吗?
4.The flowers nodded in the breeze.花儿在微风中点头。
6.隐喻It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 
A mixed metaphor is one that leaps, in the cour of a figure, to a cond identification inconsistent with the first one
隐喻(Metaphor)是和明喻不同,不用likeas表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较的这样一种修辞手段。隐喻又称暗喻。表达方法:A宽带技术网是B
1.He is a pig.他简直是头猪。(比喻:他是一个象猪一般的人,指肮脏,贪吃的人。)
2.She is a woman with a stony heart.i54200m她是一个铁石心肠的女人。(比喻:这个女人冷酷无情。)
3.Mark Twain is a mirror of America.马克·吐温是美国的一面镜子。(用镜子比喻美国的现实,很贴切。)
隐喻是一种比喻,用一种事物暗喻另一种事物。
例如:
All the world's a stage.(Shakespeare)
7.委婉法Euphemism: (委婉)

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