BEC听力技巧

更新时间:2023-06-23 12:39:31 阅读：评论：0

听力技巧篇之Note-taking

Note-taking被普遍认为是一种重要的听力技巧，可以帮助听着获取更多信息，有效地理解较长的听力内容。同时Note-taking也是听力能力的一种标志。对于较长的听力内容如讲座，听记一些signal words 能够有效帮助理解。在本篇中，将着重介绍听力讲座中的structure signals。

Signals

下面列出了讲座中最常用的表示结构的信号词，它们的作用大致可以分为：

1. Introducing

2. Giving background information

3. Defining

4. Enumerating/Listing

5. Giving examples

6. Showing importance/Emphasizing

7. Clarifying/Explaining/Putting it in other words

8. Moving on/Changing direction

9. Giving further information

10. Giving contrasting(极不相同的，迥异的，截然不同的) information

11. Classifying

12. Digressing(离题，偏离主题，题外话)

13. Referring to visuals

14. Concluding

1．Introducing

这类词一般出现在讲座开头，帮助你了解演讲者会说什么话题。

问题和答案

What I intend to say is	…
What I’d like to do is to discuss
What I intend to do is to explain
In my talk today,
My topic today is
Today, I’m going to talk about
I’m going to talk to you about
My colleagues and I are going to give a short prentation on
Today I want to consider
In this talk, I would like to concentrate on
The subject of this talk is
The purpo of this talk is to
The talk is designed to

2．Giving background information

在给出新信息之前，演讲者一般会概括地介绍关于这个新话题的背景知识，可以回顾

前面的讲座，或者提及某些听众已经阅读过得背景资料。

As we know	…
As we have already en
As we have all read
It’s clear that
It goes without saying
We all understand
It is understood
You’ll remember

3．Defining

对某个名词进行定义，这在讲座中也十分常见，因为即使是大家熟悉的名次，在不同的场合或主题中也可能会有特殊的含义。

X	is	…
	is called
	is known as
	may be defined as
	is a type of Y that/which
By X, I mean
This term is ud generally to mean
In the field of Y, the term refers to
A type of Y which…is X.

4．Enumerating/Listing

演讲者通常会用一些关联词点明将要表述的新观点的顺序，如下所示。

 Firstly—Secondly—Next—Then—Thirdly—Lastly—Finally

 First of all & In the first place & For one thing & To begin with

 In the cond place & For another thing

 The first/cond/next/last point I’d like to make is

5．Giving examples

在演讲和讲座中，概括性的观点常常是由一些例子支撑的。下列信号词可以帮助大家明确这些例子支撑的是哪些观点。

This 辛弃疾西江月…	is	shown		by	…
		exemplified(例证、例示；举例说明)
		illustrated
For example,
For instance,
You only have to think of
Remember,
A key experiment			shows		this …
			exemplifies
			illustrates
This is shown by the following examples:
The following are examples of this:
The following is a ca in point:
Let me give you a couple of examples:
X	is a ca in point.
Take	X	for example
		for instance
…	such as	…

6．Showing importance/Emphasizing

记笔记的时候不需要也不可能每个词都记下来，你需要区分重要和非重要信息。请注意，演讲者通常会用下列信号提醒听众注意重要的信息。

红豆仙

I want to stress	…
I want to highlight
I’d like to emphasize
I’d like to put emphasis on
It’s important to remember that
We should bear in mind that	…
Don’t forget that	…
The crucial point is
The esntial point is
The fundamental point is
Furthermore (此外，而且，再者) ,	…
What’s more,
This supports my argument that,
It follows, therefore, that
What (in effect) we are saying is

7．Clarifying/Explaining/Putting it in other words

讲话人通常会用不同的表达方式重复重要信息，听着应辨别出这只是不同的说法，而不是提供了一个新信息。

In other words,			…
Or rather,
That is to say,
Basically (大体上，基本上；总的说来，从根本上说),
To put it another way,
If we put that another way,
By which I mean
Or you could say
The point I’m making is
酥鸡That is to say,
Namely,
i.e. (也就是，亦即。源自拉丁文 id est.)
That means
What I	’m suggesting	is
	’m trying to say
	meant to say
	should have said
Let me put it another way.

8．Moving on/Changing direction

一个演讲或语篇往往围绕几个观点或要点展开，当说话人切换进入下一个话题时，听着应听清提示词，及时意识到话题的转换。

That’s all I want to say about X.	…
OK; Now; All right
Having looked at …伪齐 I’d now like to consider
I’d like now to move on to
Turning now to
So let’s turn to
Moving on now to
I now want to turn to ; I’d now like to turn to
The next point is; Another interesting point is
The next aspect I’d like to consider is
Let’s now look at
If we could now move on to

9．Giving further information

以下信号词表示说话人在进一步阐述某个话题。

Furthermore; An additional point; Another point		…
A further point; A similar point; In addition
Moreover; Similarly; Apart from; Not only … but
We can add; I could add that
Further; As well as; Besides
…	also; too; as well

10．Giving contrasting information

以下信号词表明话题的转折或对比，在讲座中十分重要。

Although; However;	…
On the other hand; Whereas(然而，但是，尽管)
Despite; Nevertheless(尽管如此，不过，然而)
But; Alternatively

11．Classifying

演讲者往往用一下提示词进行分类。

There are	N	types; kinds			of X	:Y and Z. The are Y and Z.
		class
The		categories				are Y and Z
		sorts; varieties
X	consists of		N	categories		. The are Y and Z : Y and Z
	compris(包含；由…组成)			class; kinds
	can be divided into			types; varieties
Y and Z are		class; kinds; types			of X.
		categories
		varieties
X may be classified		according to			…
		on the basis of
		depending on

12．积的成语Digressing

有时演讲人会用一下提示词提到脱离主题的其他信息。

Incidentally	…
By the way
While I remember
Before I forget

13．Referring to visuals

以下信号词提示听者看图或幻灯片。

On this graph,
Take a look at this.
Let’s have a look at this.
黄家驹歌曲I’d like you to look at this;
I’d like to draw your attention to
Here we can e
The … shows89年的属什么
The graph illustrates	…
The horizontal axis reprents
The vertical axis reprents
As you can e,
If you look cloly, you’ll e