中考被动语态-----特殊句型篇
一.复习被动语态的八种时态
二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态
简单句的被动语态
双宾语
复合宾语
宾语从句
祈使句
肯定
否定
短语动词 (包括动介和动副两种)
情态动词
附：课堂练习学案
内 容
一.复习被动语态的六种时态
一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．
一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．
懂得珍惜
一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p．
现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p．
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．
过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p．
（含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．）
小测验：
① Chine ______ by the largest number of people．
A．speak
B．is speaking
C．speaks
D．is spoken
（2002长沙）
② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
A．were told
B．is telling
C．was told
D．tells
（2002四川眉山）
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．
A．must
B．must be
C．has
D．have
二.特殊句型和动词的被动语态
简单句的被动语态
在这讲开始之前我们先一起复习一下以前学习过的简单句的六种基本结构：
1）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：
John is busy.约翰忙.
2）主 + 动（SV）例如：
I work.我工作.
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：
She studies English.她学英语.
English is studied by her.
4）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：
My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳.
I was made a new dress by my mother.
a new dress was made for me by my mother.
5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：
Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的.
I would be proved right by time.
.S+VT+O
We visited the factory.
The factory was visited by us.
2.双宾语
主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）
例如：
主动句：I gave Tom a pencil. 被动句①：Tom was given a pencil (by me). 被动句②：A pencil was given ______ Tom (by me). |
|
主动句：I bought Tom a pencil. 被动句①：Tom was bought a pencil (by me). 被动句②：A pencil was bought ______ Tom (by me). |
|
注意：1.由to还是for连接间接宾语的动词
由to连接间接宾语的动词,侧重动作的方向。表示“朝着，向着，对着某人。” | 由for连接间接宾语的动词，侧重动作的受益者。表示“为了某人，替某人。” | 既可由to也可由 for连接间接宾语的动词 |
pass, give, show,凝华现象的例子 tell, lend, take; post, return, ll, nd, write, bring, throw, feed, read, promi, offer, refu, teach ,hand, | buy, cook, get, sing, make; choo, pick, find, save, order, book ,leave, call, fetch | do, get, read, sing, play |
| | 小水桶 |
2.下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：
当直接宾语是人称代词（it／them）时.如：
The watch is Li Lei's. Plea give it to him.这块手表是李雷的.请把它给他.
当强调间接宾语时.如：
Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时.如：
On the bus, he often gives his at to an old person.在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人.
3.复合宾语
首先让我们回顾一下以前学习的复合宾语：
英语中,有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整.宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语.常用句型为：
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语.O+VT+O+OC
可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语、动词不定式等.
一 . 宾语补足语是名词、形容词、现在分词、介词短语的被动语态。
1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think ,make等.如：
We call them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼.
They are called mooncakes by us.
2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep,水利建设基金 think, find等.如：
At first I found Chine hard.开始的时候,我发现汉语很难.
At first黄家埠镇 Chine was found hard by me.
3. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, e, hear ,find, keep等.如：
In the country, he can hear birds singing.在农村,他能听到鸟儿歌唱.
In the country, birds can be heard singing by him.
4. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等.如：
The boy found his pen on the floor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔.
His pen was found on the floor by the boy.
二.宾语补足语是动词不定式的被动语态。
动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况：
1）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等.如：
Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来.
He is told to come here the day after tomorrow.
2）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, e, watch, let, make等.如：
He made us laugh.他使我们大笑.
We are made to laugh by him.
3）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help.如：
She often helps her mother（to）do some houwork.她经常帮母亲做家务活.
不碍事Her mother中国现代文学 is often helped （to）do some houwork by her.
双宾语和复合宾语的区别: 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾
语：如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系,则该动词接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语.
宾语从句
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句则变成了主语从句。此结构有时候可以改为“主语+be+pp+to do”形式。
Eg:
People say that water is all around the city.
→It’s said that water is all around the city.
Water is said to all around the city.
They saw that Tom has got the first place in the exam.
----It is said that Tom has got the first place in the exam.
-
---Tom is said to have got the first place in the exam.
祈使句
肯定
主动句V+ O :Empty the rubbish bin at once.
被动句Let + O+ Be+ PP: Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once.
否定
主动句Don’t +V+O：Don’t tell the truth to him.
被动句Don’t +let +O+be+PP：Don’t let the truth be told to him.
短语动词 (包括动介和动副两种)
不及物动词不能跟宾语，因此不能用于被动语态，但不及物动词与介词或副词构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以用于被动语态。要注意的是，这样的短语
动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变成被动语态时不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词，如look at, look for, look after, take care of, take off, nd for等。例如：
We must take good care of the young trees．(√)
The young trees must be taken good care of．(√)
注意：由被动语态形成的动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加by.
如：be covered with be interested in恭喜升职的祝福语
