阅读方法技巧--细节理解题、词义猜测题
一、细节理解题
(一)细节理解类题目常见的设问方式
1.Which of the following is true/fal/mentioned?
2.What does the writer pay the least attention to?
3.Choo the right order of the events given in the passage.
4.All of the following statements may be true /
5.Which of the following is not the ?
6.Which of the following best characterizes the main ?
(二)快速辨认和记忆事实的细节
1.查读法
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找参考答案。
(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料，对原文有一个大概的了解，掌握其主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁，如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example,first,cond等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时，可放慢速度，细读要查找的内容。
2.按段落组织模式阅读
如：时间型段落
作者在记叙或说明历史人物或事件时，往往按时间先后的顺序组织细节。这种按时间顺序组织细节的段落模式叫做时间型段落。
时间型段落都有明显的信号词。如first,then,afterwards,shortly after that,later,next,after,before,at last,finally等。
略读时，通过上述信息确定是否为“时间型”段落，然后按时间信息词的先后顺序进行查阅，寻找有关的细节。这种按时间模式阅读的方法，有助于读者快速寻找细节，记住细节。
二、词义猜测题
词义猜测是一项很基本也很重要的阅读方法技巧。我们在阅读中经常会遇到生词，但不需要每个都猜,
我们只需要去猜测那些能够帮助我们正确理解文章的关键词汇的词义。一般我们可以根据上下文中出现的
定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词以及其他内在逻辑关系来猜测词义。另外，构词法和生活经验与常识也能帮上大忙。
解题时常用的方法有:
1.利用构词法的基本知识破解词汇。这要求考生了解英语词汇中常用的前缀、后缀和词根的含义及效用，准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。
(1)转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法。如:nur n.护士→v.护理;free adj.空闲的→v.释放。一般说来，转化后的词义与转化前的词义大致相符。
(2)合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形
容词、合成名词等。
(3)派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀组成一个新的单词。
2.猜测词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系进行猜测。判断所猜词时，可根据上下文的意义、句法结构以及文章的内在逻辑去猜词义。一般情况，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难判断出来的，就考虑用句法和
内在逻辑关系去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确参考答案，反之则排除。
3.代入法。代入法是指把四个选项分别代入所猜词处，结合语义、句法、内在逻辑进行综合判断。
4.考查指代关系的题通常是就近指代，解这类题时，一要分析代词的性质：指人还是物、单数还是复数、
主格还是宾格等；二是结合逻辑和上下文意义去考虑，正确的选项在逻辑和意义上应该是无误的。
专题训练
一
Even though I just had lunch not long ago, I was feeling hungry again. I went to the kitchen to look for something to eat. That was when I discovered the pudding in the fridge. It was made from milk, sugar,eggs and fruits,and it looked so yummy. I noticed that there was only one left.
I was putting the pudding on a plate when my brother came into the kitchen. He found the pudding and asked for it. “It’s mine! I was the only one who found it!”I shouted.“You are my elder brother. You should give it to me!”said he. Then he started pulling the plate towards himlf and I did the same.
Suddenly, the plate moved to one side and the pudding slipped(滑动)out of the plate. It landed on the floor and turned into a yellow mess. My brother and I both looked at each other, feeling amazed and disappointed at the same time. It was such a waste!
To my surpri, Ollie, our pet dog,walked over to the mess on the floor. It began to lap up the pudding happily.
Within minutes, the mess on the floor was gone. Ollie licked(舔)its lips when it was done.
After watching Ollie finishing the whole pudding by itlf, we realized . If both of us had shared the
pudding, we would both have got to eat half of it. It was becau of our greed(贪婪)that we ended up with nothing. That day, my brother and I learnt a good lesson.
1.The writer’s brother thought he should get the pudding becau .
A.he found it by himlf
B.he made it by himlf
C.he was hungrier
D.he was younger
2.The underlined part“lap up”in Paragraph 4 is the clost in meaning to .形容人瘦的成语
A.share
C.eat
D.pull
3.Which of the following can be put in the blank in the last paragraph?
A.how foolish we had been
B.how happy we both were
C.it was wrong to keep a pet dog
D.the pudding was not yummy
二
Hi! Full of happiness and sadness, the year 2017 is coming to an end and we invite you,the foreign friends to share your stories with our readers all over the world. We will choo some of the best and give prizes to the writers.☆
Foreigners with some experiences about China during the past year. You may have visited for just a few days, stayed longer here or just met with Chine in your own countries.
☆What to write?
Anything about China or Chine people that happened to you. It can be Chine food,buildings, culture or anything you think worth writing about.
☆How to join?
E-mail your writing to
☆Rules:At least 200 words and one photo about your story. More words and photos are encouraged. Plea write the information, such as who, what, where and when, below your photos.
☆Prize:A bicycle.
☆Deadline:December 28th, 2017.
1.Which ntence can be filled in “ ” in Paragraph 2?
A.Who can join?
B.When to write?
C.How to write?
D.Where to join?
2.We can e from the passage that .
A.the winners can get bicycles
C.200 words are at most for the story
D.the foreign friends enjoy reading
3.The purpo of this passage is .
< teach readers how to take a photo
< choo some best photos about foreign cultures
< ask foreigners to write down their feelings about China
< invite Chine people to share their stories with foreigners
北京点心
三
There is an old man who ud to be very strange in our community. The first time I saw him running, he had something in his hands. I thought maybe it was a pair of gloves. But then, he slowed down, bent down and picked up a piece of paper. I soon realized there were all kinds of things in his hands.
This old man never talked to anyone, but he was always stopping to pick up litter. One day, we heard that the old man was hit by a car while running. We also learned that he could not speak English very well. That was why he didn’t talk to anyone. One of the neighbors heard the news and decided to do something. She called the local newspaper and told them the old man’s story.
The report then interviewed the old man with the help of a French translator. His name was Bruno Polanski. Mr. Polanski grew up in France, and there was no litter on the street. So when he first saw people drop litter, it really shocked(使震惊)him. He made up his mind to pick up the litter in this new country.
Later, our community decided that we would have a run every spring to pick up litter. We call it the “Polanski Run”. That day, hundreds of kids walk around the community in groups, picking up litter. It has become one of our community’s popular events.
1.Mr. Polanski didn’t talk to others becau .
野鸽子A.he was too shy
B.he was unable to speak
C.he didn’t like to talk
D.his English was poor
感冒英语怎么说2.What’s Mr. Polanski’s mother language?
A.English.
新湖广场B.Japane.
C.French.
D.German.
3.How often does the writer’s community hold the “Polanski Run”?
A.Once a year.个人计划怎么写
B.Twice a year.
C.Three times a year.
D.Four times a year.
4.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to the story?
(1)Mr. Polanski had a car accident.
(2)The “Polanski Run” began to be held.
(3)The writer met Mr. Polanski for the first time.
A.(1)(2)(3)
B.(2)(3)(1)
C.(3)(1)(2)
新的旅程
D.(3)(2)(1)
四
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1.The passage is most probably .
A.an advertiment
B.a food report
