英语初高衔接课---定语从句及其翻译 (学生版)

更新时间:2023-06-21 20:44:10 阅读：评论：0

一双温暖的手定语从句

一，基本关系词的选择

简述

想到定语从句，大家就得有的一个概念就是它是形容词性从句，也就是说，定语从句是一个后置定语。先行词是龙头，通过关系词后面连着一条长长的龙尾，这便是定语从句的一般形态。

所有的关系代词和关系副词回顾：

0是单项式吗

	词形	先行词	充当从句的
关系代词	Who	人	主，宾，表
	Whom	人	宾
	Which	物	主，宾，表
	That	人或物	主，宾，表
	雪霁的意思 As	人或物	主，宾，表
	Who(=of whom or of which	人或物	定
关系副词	When(=in etc.+ which)	时间词	状
	Where	地点词	状
	Why=(for which)	reason	状

◆ 特别注意：定语从句中的关系词没有how 和 what

◆ 提到定语从句，我们首先要映入脑海的是三大关系代词：which, who, that.父亲节活动

它们之间总体的区别就是:

Who/whom	人
Which	物
That	人或物

定语从句有一个非常重要的特征就是关系词作宾语时可以省略，而且常常省略。

The story I heard yesterday is very excited!

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
2.The six blind men asked for money from tho ______ pasd by.
3.Ms Chancery is the teacher _______ I like best .）
4.Is this the book ______ you wanted to borrow last time? ）
5.Can you tell me the name of the muum ______ you visited last month?
6.Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his abnce.
7.Are you plead with all ______ I have said?
8.The two things ______ they felt very proud of were their hou and the diamond ring.
9. Is this the calculator ______ you borrowed from Jane?
10. The years and months ______ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.

练习：Fill in the blanks with all the possible answers

二：只能用that和只能用which的情况

◆ 只能用that而不用which的情况：五字口诀（最不数人物）

（最）先行词被形容词最高级或被the only,the very, any, few, little, no ,all, one of等修饰时It is the most important task that should be finished soon.（这是必须马上完成的任务。）

（不）先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时:

I mean the one that was bought yesterday.（我指的是昨天买的那个。）

（数）先行词被序数词（含last ）修饰时:

I like the cond football match __that__ was held last week

(人物）先行词中既有人又有物时：

We were deeply impresd by the teachers and schools that we had visited.（我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。）

◆ 想你的雨夜只能用which, 不宜用that的情况

1) 关系代词前有介词：

This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.

(这是鲁迅住过的房子。)

2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that，which所修饰的有时不是一个先行词，而是修饰整个句子或句子的一部分，此时只用which来引导定语从句，前面用逗号隔开：

We were given a lovely room, which had a a view. (我们被分到一个能看到海景的房间。)

He was very rude to his teacher, which certainly annoyed her. 他对他的老师非常粗鲁，这当然激怒了她。

练习：

1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.

2.Is there anything ______ you don’t know ?

3.I will give daughter a toy plane with ______ she will like to play.

4.The cond question ______ has something to do with population is the most difficult.

5.He must be from Africa, ______ can be en from his skin.

6.That hou, the doors of ______ are painted white, is my grandpa’s.

7. Is the oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?

8.The last question ______ he was asked was obviously the most difficult for me to answer.

9.I have a wonderful cellphone, ______ supports 4G technology.

10.He showed me the hou in ______ he was born.

三：三大关系副词

关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）——由 when,where,why 等引导的定语从句

ⅰ.when 在定语从句中做时间状语

October 1st, 1949 was the day when（on which)the People’s Republic of China was founded.

1949年 10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

ⅱ.where 在定语从句中做地点状语

Everyone wants to visit the place where (in which) Premier Zhou once worked.

注意：where 也可修饰表示虚拟地点的词常用：point, ca, situation, position, occasion.

例子：We have reached a point in our life where we should make decision on our own.

✧ 注意关系副词和关系代词使用的区分（判断先行词在定语从句中的成分）

This is the factory which we visited yesterday.

This is the factory where I worked last year.

1. This is the reason_______ I ask you to read English loudly. (why/for which)

2. I am not satisfied with the reason (that/which或省略）you explained just now.

e.the way 后面可以跟3种形式，in which, that 或者省略

e.g. I don’t like the way in which you talked to your mother.

73年 I don’t like the way that you talked to your mother.

I don’t like the way you talked to your mother.

ⅲ.why 在定语从句中做原因状语。

清汤羊肉的做法>公公的春天

We don't know the reason why (for which) they didn't keep their promi.

练习：

1. I shall never forget tho years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers.

I shall never forget tho years ______ I spent with you in the farm.

2.If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

3.He has got himlf into a dangerous situation ______ he is likely to lo control over the plane.

4. The reason ______ he was late for school is that he had to nd his injured father to the hospital

5.I shall never forget tho years ___ I lived in the country with the farmers ,______has a great effect on my life.

6.This is one of the largest factories____ have been built since last year.

7.I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

8.The place _______interested me most was the children's palace.

9.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

10.The city ______ I was born is swept off by a giant monster yesterday.

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