南京市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have rin from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, ro from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the rearch from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)dia among taller people."
But while height has incread around the world, the trend in many African countries caus concern, says Riboli. While height incread in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reverd in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
"One reason for the decreas in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,"said Alexander Moradi of the University of Susx. The nutritional and health cris that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential(潜力)in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."
（1）What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last century?
A. The increa in people's height has been quickening.
B. The increa in women's height is bigger than in men's.
C. There is a remarkable difference across continents.
D. There has been a noticeable increa in most countries.
（2）What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?
A. They enjoy an easier life.
B. They tend to live longer.
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C. They risk fewer deadly dias.
D. They have greater expectations in life.
（3）What does the underlined word "reverd" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Slowed down.
B. Gone upwards.
C. Changed to the contrary.
D. Come to life again.（4）What does James Bentham suggest we do?
A. Ensure children's proper nutrition and healthcare.
B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.简历表格免费下载
C. Watch the global trend of increasing height cloly.
D. Attach great importance to environmental protection.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A晚安图
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。全球身
高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的”While height incread in Uganda and Niger during the e arly 20th century“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。可知，reverd的意思是"反转"。故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for de cades to come.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that competition is bad; that it ts one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their lf-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities
is sadly forgotten.
However, while some em to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching the young people, I often obrve in them a desire to fail. They em to ek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excu: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter becau I really didn't try."What is not usually admitted by themlves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themlves. Both are bad on the mistaken belief that one's lf-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解)can we discover a new meaning in competition.
（1）Why are some people in favor of competition?
A. Becau they think competition pushes society forward.
B. Becau they think competition improves social abilities.
C. Becau they think competition builds up a n of pride.
D. Becau they think competition develops people's relationship.
（2）What does the underlined phra "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. People who try their best to win.
B. People who highly value competition.
C. People who are strongly against competition.
D. People who mostly rely on others for success.
（3）Which viewpoint does the author agree to?
A. Self-worth relies on winning.
B. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
C. Competition leads to unfriendly relationship.
D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Competition helps to t up lf-respect.
B. People hold different opinions about competition.
C. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
D. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. ”可知，一些人赞成竞争是因为他们认为竞争促进社会的进步和繁荣。故选A。
应付会计（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“they strongly blame competition"他们强烈谴责竞争；以及"youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society"遭受来自父母或社会的竞争压力的年轻人，可推知，画线部分的意思是"强烈反对的"。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.“只有当这种基本的、常常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消失时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义。可推知，作者认为竞争要摆脱对失败的恐惧。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段”In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it ts one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.“在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。有些人非常重视它，认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。其他人说竞争是不好的；它使一个人反对另一个人；这会导致人与人之间不友好的关系。以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍人们对于竞争所持的不同观点。故选B。
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【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
e同音词Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the ca, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't em to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to u a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward lf-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the change to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet—but among tho who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved.
Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new techn
ologies, driverless cars promi real value to the age groups in particular. Older adults, especially tho with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic u-cas for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced bad on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with tho who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to u a driverless car compared with 38 percent of tho with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than tho who lived in rural areas.
While there's reason to believe that interest in lf-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how lf-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
（1）What happens when a new technology appears?春节去西安旅游合适吗
A.It farther widens the gap between the old and the young.
B.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
C.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
D.It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.
（2）What does the author say about the driverless car?
A.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.
B.It has given ri to unrealistic expectations.
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C.It does not em to create a generational divide.
D.It may start a revolution in the car industry.
（3）Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A.It adds to the safety of their travel.
B.It saves their energy.
C.It arous their interest in life.
D.It helps with their mobility.
（4）What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?
A.The location of their residence.
B.The amount of training they received.
C.The length of their driving experience.
D.The field of their special interest.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the ca, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't em to be a clear generational divide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。
