托福阅读题库练习及答案汇总
感动老公能哭的一段话托福阅读真题练习：工作时间的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however,
both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes ro near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common
to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.
In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours
by the start of the 1930's. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would clo for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghou, but the idea was popular with workers. The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion
of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940,and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States.
Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard
is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck
for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japane government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has t a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker,compared to 1,957 for the United States and
1,646 for France.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week
(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week
(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in veral industries
(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution
2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth
century
(A) remained constant
(B) decread slightly
练字必练的1000个字(C) decread significantly
(D) incread significantly
3. The word "norm" in line 5 is clost in meaning to
(A) minimum.
(B) example
宝洁联合利华(C) possibility
(D) standard
4. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is clost in meaning to
(A) in the end
(B) for a brief period
(C) from that time on
(D) on occasion
5. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to
(A) the 60-hour workweek
(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles
(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories
(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghou
充分利用
6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the
United States during the 1930's?
(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.
(B) Labor strikes in veral countries influenced labor policy in the United States.
(C) Several corporations incread the length of the workweek.
(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.
7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purpos of the Fair Labor Standards Act of
1938 ?
(A) to discourage workers from asking for incread wages
(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek
(C) to allow employers to t the length of the workweek for
their workers
(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek
8. The word "mandated" in line 18 is clost in meaning to
(A) required
(B) recommended
(C) eliminated
(D) considered
9. The word "immutable" in line 21 is clost in meaning to
(A) unmatched
(B) irregular
(C) unnecessary徜徉的意思
(D) unchangeable
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has
been declining since the nineteenth century?
(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)
(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)
(C) United States Steel and Westinghou (line 14-15)
(D) German metalworkers (line 21)
11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japane government is to reduce the average
annual amount of work to
(A) 1,646 hours
(B) 1,800 hours
(C) 1,957 hours
(D) 2,088 hours
托福阅读答案：
ADCB
托福阅读真题练习：海洋文化的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production
unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world.
向日葵作文In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women procesd the catch.
Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived clor to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, a urchins, musls, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining clo to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger musl shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells. The women ud their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish
when
practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also ud smokehous to prerve tons of fish and other afood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils.
After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food ud in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the abnce of朦胧的近义词是什么
fresh fish or while on long trips. The woman also made a chee-like丢失的英文
